Histopathology and electron microscopy evaluation of the sildenafil effect on diabetic rats' retinae.

Purpose: Although there is increasing evidence that phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors modify the effect of diabetes on different tissues, its effect on diabetic retinopathy is not well studied.

Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: group I = control group that received no treatment; group II (diabetic group), in which diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection; group III (sildenafil small dose, SSD), in which diabetes was similarly introduced (however, rats received daily oral 1 mg/kg sildenafil citrate (SC) for 3 months); and group IV (sildenafil large dose, SLD), which was as in group 3, but SC was 2.5 mg/kg.

Chronic sildenafil citrate use decreases retinal vascular endothelial growth factor expression in diabetic rats: a pilot study.

Background: Sildenafil citrate (SC) attenuates endothelial dysfunction. However, its effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is mainly a microvascular disease, remain unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be a critical mediator of DR.

Orbital Complications of Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis: A New Challenge in the COVID-19 Convalescent Patients.

Purpose: Increased incidence of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) in the setting of COVID-19 is undeniable. This can be attributed to its effect on innate immunity and extensive use of corticosteroids. The goal of our study was to assess the orbital complications of AIFR and its management in the COVID-19 convalescent patients.

Orbital Complications of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Two Years' Experience in a Tertiary Referral Hospital.

Purpose: To investigate the different clinical manifestations in Egyptian patients with orbital complications of rhinosinusitis (RS) according to the pathology within the paranasal sinuses.

Methods: The medical records of patients presented with chronic RS between August 2018 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: This study included 64 patients: 28 patients with subperiosteal abscess (SPA), 10 with allergic fungal RS, 6 with isolated fungal RS, 6 with invasive fungal RS, and 14 with mucocele.

Accuracy of a universal theoretical formula for power calculation in pediatric intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of Barrett Universal II formula with other formulas (Holladay 2, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T formulas) in the prediction of postoperative refraction for pediatric intraocular lens implantation.

Setting: Academic medical center/children's hospital, San Francisco, California.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Lateral Rectus Muscle Tendon Elongation by an Auto Graft from the Resected Medial Rectus Muscle as a Monocular Surgery for Large-Angle Sensory Exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate using the resected medial rectus muscle for elongation of the lateral rectus tendon in monocular surgery for large-angle sensory exotropia.

Patients And Methods: A prospective case series was carried out in Tanta University hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 including 16 patients with large-angle sensory exotropia ≥50PD. The near and distance angles of exotropia were measured; any restrictions in adduction or abduction were recorded and scaled from -4 to 0.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound with VEGFR2-Targeted Microbubbles for Monitoring Regorafenib Therapy Effects in Experimental Colorectal Adenocarcinomas in Rats with DCE-MRI and Immunohistochemical Validation.

Objectives: To investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles for monitoring therapy effects of regorafenib on experimental colon carcinomas in rats with correlation to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and immunohistochemistry.

Materials And Methods: Human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts (HT-29) were implanted subcutaneously in n = 21 (n = 11 therapy group; n = 10 control group) female athymic nude rats (Hsd: RH-Foxn1rnu). Animals were imaged at baseline and after a one-week daily treatment with regorafenib or a placebo (10 mg/kg bodyweight), using CEUS with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles and DCE-MRI.

Ocular axial growth in pseudophakic eyes of patients operated for monocular infantile cataract: a comparison of operated and fellow eyes measured at surgery and 5 or more years later.

Purpose: To report the change in axial length (AL) over time and to compare the percentage of AL growth of pseudophakic eyes operated on for monocular cataract to that of the unoperated fellow eyes.

Methods: The medical records of children operated on by a single surgeon for monocular congenital cataract before 7 months of age were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were corneal diameter of ≥9 mm and availability of AL data for >5 years' follow-up after cataract surgery and >1 year after IOL implantation (in case of secondary IOL).

Primary versus secondary IOL implantation following removal of infantile unilateral congenital cataract: outcomes after at least 5 years.

Purpose: To report outcomes after at least 5 years' follow-up of consecutive patients at a single center undergoing unilateral congenital cataract surgery during infancy with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at the time of surgery or undergoing secondary IOL implantation later in childhood.

Methods: The medical records of pseudophakic children who received initial cataract surgery before 7 months of age were retrospectively reviewed. Children with acquired cataract, persistent fetal vasculature, congenital glaucoma, or follow-up of <5 years were excluded.