Clinical and functional outcome of traumatic osteochondral fracture in adolescent patella.

The objective of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the functional outcomes of adolescents who had undergone internal fixation for patellar post-traumatic OCD fracture from 2019-2021. The injury mechanism was divided into two categories: a) torsional mechanism and b) direct contact injury. All candidates underwent X-ray and MRI/CT scan prior to the surgery to confirm the diagnosis.

Micro-organisms and risk factors associated with prosthetic joint infection following primary total knee replacement-our experience in Pakistan.

Purpose: To identify potential risk factors and micro-organisms associated with prosthetic joint infection following primary total knee replacement surgery.

Hypothesis Of Study: Our hypothesis is that body mass index (BMI), operative time, type of surgery, and order of surgery especially in bilateral simultaneous cases have a major impact on prosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methodology: We identified 4269 patients who underwent for primary knee replacement surgery between 2008 and 2018.

Pre-pregnancy counseling in Lagos: a report on the first 1,000 cases.

Objective: To assess the activity of a pre-pregnancy counseling clinic in terms of investigations, counseling, treatment, and subsequent pregnancy outcome.

Materials And Methods: Prenatal diagnosis and therapy were given in a tertiary university hospital in Lagos offering referral services for fetal medicine.

Design: Review of the first 1,000 couples who referred to the centre from various centres attended from 1992 to 2007.

[A rare cancer: cancers of the small intestine. 25 cases diagnosed at the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar from 1992 to 2001].

A retrospective survey of cases of cancer of the small intestine observed in the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (IPM), in the Centre Hospitalier de Soavinandriana (CenHoSoa) and in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Antananarivo/Hôpital Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHUA/HJRA), has been undertaken with the goal to find out epidemiological and diagnostical particularities, as well as the therapeutic measures and their results. Only 25 cases have been found in 10 years (from 1992 to 2001). They represent 5.

Carotid chemoreceptor reflexes following dietary salt loading in rats.

There is a strong association between salt intake and hypertension. Alterations in baroreceptor activity, which precede and contribute to the elevation in blood pressure, have also been shown to affect chemoreceptor reflex response. Dietary salt loading with 8% sodium chloride was carried out in Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks for a period of 5-6 weeks.

The use of diagnostic imaging to assess spinal arthrodesis.

Despite advances in surgical techniques and internal fixation devices, pseudarthrosis remains a significant factor in the clinical failure of attempted fusions in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. This article reviews the use of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of spinal fusion, with a focus on the accuracy of different imaging modalities based on surgical exploration. A cost-effective strategy for the radiographic follow-up of patients after spinal fusion surgery also is presented.

Lumbar spine after surgery for herniated disk: imaging findings in the early postoperative period.

Imaging the lumbar spine after surgery for disk herniation is all too often an unrewarding challenge. A constellation of findings is inevitable, and determining their significance is often impossible. The challenge is greatest during the first few months following surgery, when the rules of scar enhancement, deformity, and mass effect do not apply to differentiation of the abnormal from the normal.

Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of a focal pontine ischemia in sudden hearing loss and seventh nerve paralysis.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) has been associated with many etiologies. However, determining the exact cause of SSHL remains elusive. Recent reports have demonstrated the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in identifying the site of lesion in SSHL.

Lymphocytic hypophysitis: occurrence in two men.

Two men undergoing transsphenoidal exploration for pituitary adenoma were found to have lymphocytic hypophysitis. Both presented with frontal headaches, lethargy, and diminished libido. Laboratory investigations showed markedly depressed serum testosterone, and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated pituitary enlargement, with optic chiasm involvement.

MR of the pituitary gland postsurgery: serial MR studies following transsphenoidal resection.

Purpose: To determine the MR appearance of the pituitary gland in the early and late postoperative periods in order to distinguish operative complications more effectively and to establish a postoperative baseline.

Methods: Ten patients were prospectively studied with MR following transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary tumor. Early postoperative studies were obtained at 2 to 8 days following surgery, late studies at 4 to 9 months in all patients and also at 12 to 16 months in five.

A prospective and blinded investigation of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Abnormal findings in asymptomatic subjects.

To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of meniscal, ligamentous, and bony abnormalities in patients without clinical symptoms, scans were performed on 74 asymptomatic volunteers without histories or symptoms of knee injury. Before review by three radiologists in an independent and blinded fashion, the scans were mixed with 26 MRI scans from symptomatic patients. Sixteen percent of the asymptomatic volunteers had meniscal abnormalities consistent with a tear.

Postoperative diskitis: distinguishing early MR imaging findings from normal postoperative disk space changes.

To distinguish early magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in postoperative diskitis from normal postoperative changes, a prospective study was performed in 15 asymptomatic patients (17 disk levels) who underwent uncomplicated lumbar diskectomy and seven patients with proved postoperative diskitis. On postoperative MR images, four of the asymptomatic patients had a finding that could also be seen in patients with diskitis. Gadolinium enhancement was useful in making the distinction and occurred as follows: (a) vertebral bone marrow: all seven diskitis patients and one asymptomatic patient; (b) disk space: five diskitis patients and three asymptomatic patients; and (c) posterior anulus fibrosus: all seven diskitis patients and 13 asymptomatic patients (14 of 17 levels).

Contrast-enhanced MR imaging performed after successful lumbar disk surgery: prospective study.

A prospective study was undertaken to establish the normal spectrum and timing of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in 15 patients who had resolution of symptoms after successful lumbar disk surgery. Enhancement of the facet joints (in 88% of disk levels) and paraspinal muscles (100%) decreased gradually after surgery. Enhancement of the decompressed nerve root tracked proximally toward the conus medullaris in 62% at 3 weeks and was absent in all by 6 months postoperatively.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma versus toxoplasmosis in AIDS.

The imaging studies of 16 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and proved primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma were reviewed. All studies included computed tomography (CT); six also included magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A periventricular lesion was seen in 50% of patients.

Glioblastoma oncometry.

A prospective study of 20 patients was conducted to determine changes in the computed tomography appearance of glioblastomas seen at the completion of radiation therapy. An interval CT was obtained after 4000 to 4500 cGy to the whole brain and was compared to a similar baseline study. The tumor volume increased in twelve patients by 13 to 878% (mean 126%) and decreased in seven by 13 to 73% (mean 37%).

Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation.

Previous investigations with plain radiography, myelography, and computed tomography have shown that degenerative disease of the cervical spine frequently occurs in the absence of clinical symptoms. We studied the magnetic resonance-imaging scans of sixty-three volunteers who had no history of symptoms indicative of cervical disease. The scans were mixed randomly with thirty-seven scans of patients who had a symptomatic lesion of the cervical spine, and all of the scans were interpreted independently by three neuroradiologists.

Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation.

We performed magnetic resonance imaging on sixty-seven individuals who had never had low-back pain, sciatica, or neurogenic claudication. The scans were interpreted independently by three neuro-radiologists who had no knowledge about the presence or absence of clinical symptoms in the subjects. About one-third of the subjects were found to have a substantial abnormality.

Precise measurement of vertebral bone density using computed tomography without the use of an external reference phantom.

Bone density measurement by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) commonly uses an external reference phantom to decrease scan-to-scan and scanner-to-scanner variability. However, the peripheral location of these phantoms and other phantom variables is also responsible for a measurable degradation in accuracy and precision. Due to non-uniform artifacts such as beam hardening, scatter, and volume averaging, the ideal reference phantom should be as close to the target tissue as possible.

Cerebral mucormycosis: a case report.

Mucormycosis is an unusual complication in immunosuppressed and diabetic patients. Disseminated mucormycosis is even more unusual. One patient with both pulmonary and cerebral mucormycosis is presented.

MR imaging of thoracic disk herniations.

Magnetic resonance (MR) is of value in imaging intervertebral disk disease. We present the MR findings in two patients with thoracic disk herniations who required surgical intervention. The advantages of MR over CT myelography are ease of obtaining sagittal sections, rapid assessment of the entire thoracic spine, and a high rate of patient acceptance related to the noninvasive nature of MR and lack of morbidity and complications.

Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: diagnosis and response to therapy.

Although Toxoplasma gondii is the most commonly recognized cause of central nervous system mass lesions in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, published investigations have provided little information about criteria for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis or the response to therapy. In this series the method of diagnosis and response to therapy were assessed in 14 patients who had evidence for toxoplasmosis based on routine histopathology, immunoperoxidase staining, or mouse inoculation. These patients presented with clinical and radiologic findings that did not clearly distinguish them from patients with other infectious or neoplastic processes.

Lymphomatous meningitis and steroid-induced epidural lipomatosis: CT evaluation.

A case of spinal cord compression secondary to steroid-induced epidural lipomatosis is reported. The epidural lipomatosis developed in a setting of spinal lymphomatous leptomeningitis secondary to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, an unusual type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a high frequency of leptomeningeal involvement. Computed tomography was invaluable in diagnosing epidural lipomatosis, despite the concomitant spinal lymphomatous leptomeningitis.