Leptin Levels and Bone Mineral Density: A Friend or a Foe for Bone Loss? A Systematic Review of the Association Between Leptin Levels and Low Bone Mineral Density.

The introduction of CFTR modulators in the clinics has improved body mass index in cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals. Leptin is a major regulator of appetite and energy expenditure but is also involved in bone metabolism. Whether circulating leptin levels are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in CF remains unknown.

Long-term effect of Toll-like receptor-2, -4, -5, -7 and NOD2 stimulation on Na,K-ATPase activity and expression in intestinal epithelial cells.

Inappropriate activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD) is involved in many chronic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Altered function and/or expression of Na,K-ATPase (NKA) and epithelial ion channels are the main cause of electrolyte absorption imbalance in patients with IBD, leading to diarrhea. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TLRs and NOD2 stimulation upon NKA activity and expression in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and electrophysiology techniques.

Association between blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzymes activity in prepubertal children ∗.

Objectives: Angiotensin-converting enzymes' (ACEs) relationship with blood pressure (BP) during childhood has not been clearly established. We aimed to compare ACE and ACE2 activities between BMI groups in a sample of prepubertal children, and to characterize the association between these enzymes' activities and BP.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 313 children aged 8-9 years old, included in the birth cohort Generation XXI (Portugal).

Effect of Toll-like receptor-2, -4, -5, -7, and NOD2 stimulation on potassium channel conductance in intestinal epithelial cells.

Disproportionate activation of pattern recognition receptors plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. Diarrhea is a hallmark symptom of IBD, resulting at least in part from an electrolyte imbalance that may be caused by changes in potassium channel activity. We evaluated the impact of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) stimulation on potassium conductance of the basolateral membrane in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the role of potassium channels through electrophysiological assays under short-circuit current in Ussing chambers.

The role of salt-inducible kinases on the modulation of renal and intestinal Na,K-ATPase activity during short- and long-term high-salt intake.

Type 1 salt-inducible kinases (SIK1) has been shown to act as a mediator during the cellular adaptation to variations in intracellular sodium in a variety of cell types. Type 2 SIK (SIK2) modulates various biological functions and acts as a signal transmitter in various pathways. To evaluate the role of both SIK isoforms in renal and intestinal Na,K-ATPase (NKA) activity, we made use of constitutive sik1 (SIK1-KO), sik2 (SIK2-KO), double sik1sik2 (double SIK1*2-KO) knockout and wild-type (WT) mice challenged to a standard (0.

Potassium channels in intestinal epithelial cells and their pharmacological modulation: a systematic review.

Several potassium channels (KCs) have been described throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Notwithstanding, their contribution to both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), remains underexplored. Therefore, we aim to systematically review, for the first time, the evidence on the characteristics and modulation of KCs in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Impact of physical activity on redox status and nitric oxide bioavailability in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children.

Nutritional status might contribute to variations induced by physical activity (PA) in redox status biomarkers. We investigated the influence of PA on redox status and nitric oxide (NO) production/metabolism biomarkers in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years (163 nonoverweight, 150 overweight/obese) followed since birth in a cohort study (Generation XXI, Porto, Portugal).

Longer duration of obesity is associated with a reduction in urinary angiotensinogen in prepubertal children.

Background: We aimed to study the impact of obesity on urinary excretion of angiotensinogen (U-AGT) in prepubertal children, focusing on the duration of obesity and gender. Also, we aimed to evaluate whether plasma angiotensinogen (P-AGT) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) play a role in the putative association.

Methods: Cross-sectional evaluation of 305 children aged 8-9 years (160 normal weight, 86 overweight, and 59 obese).

Oxidative stress and nitric oxide are increased in obese children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function.

Oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) appear to represent important links between obesity and cardiovascular, metabolic and/or renal disease. We investigated whether oxidative stress and NO production/metabolism are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years.

Association of myeloperoxidase levels with cardiometabolic factors and renal function in prepubertal children.

Introduction: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme linking obesity and cardiovascular (CV) risk in adults, has rarely been studied in young children and no studies assessed its association with renal function. We sought to explore a possible association between serum MPO levels, obesity, CV risk factors and renal function in prepubertal children.

Materials/methods: Cross-sectional evaluation of 309 children aged 8-9 years (161 normal weight, 148 overweight/obese), members of the birth cohort Generation I (Portugal).

Urinary fibrogenic cytokines ET-1 and TGF-β1 are associated with urinary angiotensinogen levels in obese children.

Background: Fibrogenic cytokines are recognized as putative drivers of disease activity and histopathological deterioration in various kidney diseases. We compared urinary transforming growth factor β1 (U-TGF-β1) and endothelin 1 (U-ET-1) levels across body mass index classes and assessed their association with the level of urinary angiotensinogen (U-AGT), a biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

Methods: The was a cross-sectional evaluation of 302 children aged 8-9 years.

Gender and obesity modify the impact of salt intake on blood pressure in children.

Background: Most modifiable risk factors for high blood pressure (BP), such as obesity and salt intake, are imprinted in childhood and persist into adulthood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the intake of salt in children and to assess its impact on BP taking into account gender and nutritional status.

Methods: A total of 298 children aged 8-9 years were evaluated in a cross-sectional study.