This study assessed the feasibility of testis tissue cryopreservation (TTC) for fertility preservation in prepubescent boys with cryptorchidism. From January 2014 to December 2022, the University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) implemented TTC for 56 boys with cryptorchidism to preserve their reproductive potential. Testis tissue samples were collected during orchiopexy (32 cases) or at subsequent follow-up procedures (24 cases), necessitated by an increased risk of infertility as indicated by hormonal assessments and/or findings from initial surgical biopsies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe disease that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although recognized as an immune-mediated condition, the pathogenesis remains unresolved. Furthermore, the absence of a diagnostic test can lead to delayed immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly diagnosis of infections in young infants remains a clinical challenge. Young infants are particularly vulnerable to infection, and it is often difficult to clinically distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in young infants, and the incidence of associated bacteremia has decreased in the recent decades.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Microbes
April 2024
Probiotics have been described to influence host health and prevent the risk of obesity by gut microbiome (GM) modulation. In a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled feasibility study, we investigated whether Vivomixx® multi-strain probiotics administered to 50 women with obesity during pregnancy altered the GM composition and perinatal health outcomes of their infants up to 9 months after birth. The mothers and infants were followed up with four visits after birth: at 3 d, and at 3, 6, and 9 months after delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Question: Do different boys with different types of cryptorchidism exhibit different anogenital distances (AGDs)?
Summary Answer: Length of AGD seemed to differ in different groups of patients with cryptorchidism.
What Is Known Already: AGD, which is used as an indicator of prenatal androgen action, tends to be shorter in boys with cryptorchidism compared to unaffected boys. Shorter AGDs have also been reported in boys with hypospadias, in men with poor semen quality, and in men with testicular cancer.
Cryptorchidism in males constitutes a notable risk factor for both infertility and testicular cancer. Infertility in adulthood is closely linked to the germ cell status in childhood. Furthermore, the significance of germ cell status is important as more than 95% of all reported testicular malignancies are germ cell tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Young children often fall ill, leading to concern among their caregivers and urgent contact with health care services.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of video tutorials to empower caregivers in caring for acutely ill children.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Caregivers calling the out-of-hours Medical Helpline 1813 (MH1813), Emergency Medical Services Capital Region, Denmark, and their children aged 0.
Background: Parents often contact out-of-hours services due to worry concerning febrile children, despite the children rarely being severely ill. As telephone triage of children is challenging, many children are referred to hospital assessment. This study investigated if video triage resulted in more children staying at home.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: An impaired germ cell number per tubular cross-section (G/T) at orchidopexy indicates a high risk of infertility. A recent study in boys with bilateral cryptorchidism showed a very high predictive value for a low serum inhibin-B level, indicating bilateral impaired G/T. Several other studies have shown a fairly strong correlation between inhibin-B and G/T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Modulation of the gut microbiome composition with probiotics may have beneficial metabolic effects in pregnant women with obesity. The aim was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on metabolic and inflammatory markers and the body composition of the offspring.
Methods And Results: A randomized double-blind trial in 50 pregnant women (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30 and < 35 kg/m) comparing multi-strain probiotics (Vivomixx®; 450 billion CFU/d) versus placebo from 14 to 20 weeks of gestation until delivery was carried out.
Introduction: Febrile urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Currently, recommended antibiotic duration is 10 days. However, recent evidence suggests that 90%-95% of children with febrile urinary tract infections are afebrile and clinically improved 48-72 hours after treatment initiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Young children are among the most frequent patients at medical call centers, even though they are rarely severely ill. Respiratory tract symptoms are among the most prevalent reasons for contact in pediatric calls. Triage of children without visual cues and through second-hand information is perceived as difficult, with risks of over- and under-triage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim Of Study: Despite early surgery, many boys with bilateral cryptorchidism at surgery have a reduced number of germ cells per tubular cross-section (G/T) in testicular biopsies and/or low inhibin-B with no elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as expected based on a normal gonadotropin feed-back mechanism. Such boys have a high risk of later infertility because of insufficient gonadotropin stimulation and may benefit from adjuvant hormonal treatment. Testicular biopsies are not always wanted or accepted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrganotypic culture of human fetal testis has achieved fertilization-competent spermatids followed by blastocysts development. This study focuses on whether the organotypic culture of testicular tissue from infant boys with cryptorchidism could support the development of spermatogonia and somatic cells. Frozen-thawed tissues were cultured in two different media, with or without retinoic acid (RA), for 60 days and evaluated by tissue morphology and immunostaining using germ and somatic cell markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Telephone triage is used globally in out-of-hours primary care, to prioritize who needs urgent assessment. Even though children rarely are severely ill, calls about sick children are among the most prevalent, mainly due to parental worry. Pediatric calls are considered challenging, as the call-handler must rely on parents' second-hand information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pediatric out-of-hours calls are common, as parents worry and seek reassurance and shared responsibility. Nevertheless, most children assessed in this context are not seriously ill. Conventional telephone triage lacks visual cues and is further limited by third part communication in calls concerning children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cryopreservation of prepubertal testicular tissue preserves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that may be used to restore fertility in men at risk of infertility due to gonadotoxic treatments for either a malignant or non-malignant disease. Spermatogonial stem cell-based transplantation is a promising fertility restoration technique. Previously, we performed xenotransplantation of propagated SSCs from prepubertal testis and found human SSCs colonies within the recipient testes six weeks post-transplantation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that occurs in male minipuberty during the first 5 months of life is important for early germ cell development. Orchidopexy during minipuberty may improve fertility potential as the germinative epithelium may benefit from the naturally occurring gonadotropin stimulation. We hypothesize that most boys with congenital nonsyndromic cryptorchidism display normal reproductive hormonal profiles and histological findings during minipuberty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Congenital monorchism is considered a condition in which an initially normal testis has existed but subsequently atrophied and disappeared due to a third trimester catastrophe (presumably torsion). Since inhibin B concentrations appear related to Sertoli and germ cells number, we evaluated pre- and postoperative inhibin B of boys with congenital monorchism to determine whether the well-known hypertrophy of the contralateral testis was reflected in inhibin B concentrations.
Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven boys consecutively diagnosed with congenital monorchism (median age 12 months) underwent follow-up with reproductive hormones 1 year postoperatively (median age 25 months).
Patient survival following childhood cancer has increased with contemporary radiation and chemotherapy techniques. However, gonadotoxicity associated with treatments means that infertility is a common consequence in survivors. Novel fertility preservation options are emerging, but knowledge about these options amongst urologists and other medical professionals is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of home-treatment with oral piv-mecillinam or amoxicillin-clavulanate in children with acute pyelonephritis.
Methods: Children aged over 6 months diagnosed with culture confirmed pyelonephritis at Danish Paediatric Departments were home-treated with piv-mecillinam (tablets) or amoxicillin-clavulanate (liquid or tablets). Follow-up was performed by phone (second treatment day) and clinical review of the patients in the hospital (day three).
Introduction: A previous study found that 0.04% of Danish children were registered with hypertension, among whom 54% were treated pharmacologically. Our study describes pharmacologically treated cases at the onset of antihypertensive therapy, noting whether the evaluation of target-organ damage could be improved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: It has been suggested that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a role in preventing germ cell apoptosis. We aimed to compare apoptotic rate of boys with cryptorchidism having different levels of FSH in order to investigate its role in apoptosis.
Methods: Hormonal profiles and testicular biopsies from 30 boys with unilateral cryptorchidism (age range: 4-14 months) were included.