Heart failure in systemic right ventricle: Mechanisms and therapeutic options.

d-loop transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA) feature a right ventricle attempting to sustain the systemic circulation. A systemic right ventricle (sRV) cannot support cardiac output in the long run, eventually decompensating and causing heart failure. The burden of d-TGA patients with previous atrial switch repair and cc-TGA patients with heart failure will only increase in the coming years due to the aging adult congenital heart disease population and improvements in the management of advanced heart failure.

Severe foetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evolving to left ventricular non-compaction.

A 29-week-old male foetus was diagnosed by foetal echocardiography with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction and generalized oedema, undergoing a Caesarean section at 33 weeks. Mechanical ventilation and milrinone infusion were required during the first week. Systolic function and output parameters improved progressively.

Congenital left ventricular subaortic aneurysm in an asymptomatic child.

A newborn was referred to our department, due to the presence of a cardiac murmur. Echocardiographic study showed a small membranous ventricular septal defect and a yuxta-aortic mass. In the follow-up, patient remained asymptomatic, ventricular septal defect closed, and yuxta-aortic mass increase in size with somatic growth.