Use of SEM/EDX methods for the analysis of ambient particulate matter adhering to the skin surface.

Background: The skin is exposed to numerous particulate and gaseous air pollutants. The ones that need particular attention are the particles that adhere to the skin surface, which can later cause direct skin damage. This study aimed to characterize air pollution (AP) particles adhered to the human skin by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry (EDX).

Modeling analysis of the lymphocytopoiesis dynamics in chronically irradiated residents of Techa riverside villages.

A biologically motivated dynamical model of the lymphocytopoietic system in irradiated humans is applied here to analyze the data obtained under hematological examinations of residents of Techa riverside villages. Those people were exposed to chronic irradiation with varying dose rates, due to the radioactive contamination of the river basin by the Mayak Production Association. Modeling studies revealed the relationship between the dynamics of the lymphocytopoietic system in the examined individuals and the variation of dose rate over the considered period of time.

Development of a negative ion-based neutral beam injector in Novosibirsk.

A 1000 keV, 5 MW, 1000 s neutral beam injector based on negative ions is being developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk in collaboration with Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. The innovative design of the injector features the spatially separated ion source and an electrostatic accelerator. Plasma or photon neutralizer and energy recuperation of the remaining ion species is employed in the injector to provide an overall energy efficiency of the system as high as 80%.

Analysis of hematopoiesis dynamics in residents of Techa riverside villages chronically exposed to nonuniform radiation: modeling approach.

A profound approach to the analysis of clinical data on the dynamics of major hematopoietic lineages (granulocytopoietic, thrombocytopoietic, and erythrocytopoietic systems) in chronically irradiated humans is proposed. It is based on recently developed mathematical models of these systems in humans, which enable one to study and interpret clinical hematological data. The developed approach is applied to the analysis of statistically processed clinical data, which were obtained under hematological examinations of residents of Techa riverside villages.

[Status of hemapoiesis in residents of the Techa riverside villages in the period of maximum radiation exposure. Report 2. Influence of exposure dose and dose rate of red bone marrow as well as modifying factors on the frequency of cytopenia and cytosis].

The purpose of this study is a retrospective estimation of the influence of dose and dose rate of the red bone marrow chronic radiation exposure in combination with various modifying factors (gender, age, comorbidity) on the frequency of deviations from normal values of the results of peripheral blood investigation in humans exposed on the Techa River. The results of investigation show that humans chronically exposed to radiation can develop marked changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood characterized by a tendency to cytopenia (signs of the decompensation of hemopoiesis). The tendency to cytopenia can be identified earlier in the lymphoid germ, and later in platelet and erythroid lines.

[Status of hemapoiesis in residents of the Techa riverside villages in the period of maximum radiation exposure. Report 1. Evaluation of the cellular composition of peripheral blood and the role of comorbidities in the oppression of hemapoiesis].

Residents of the Techa riverside villages chronically exposed to ionizing radiation (the average dose rate in 1951-1956 was 0.047 Gy/year, the maximum reached 2.44 Gy/year) developed marked changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood.

Modeling hematopoietic system response caused by chronic exposure to ionizing radiation.

A new model of the hematopoietic system response in humans chronically exposed to ionizing radiation describes the dynamics of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment as well as the dynamics of each of the four blood cell types (lymphocytes, neutrophiles, erythrocytes, and platelets). The required model parameters were estimated based on available results of human and experimental animal studies. They include the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells and peripheral blood cell lines in an unexposed organism, amplification parameters for each blood line, parameters describing proliferation and apoptosis, parameters of feedback functions regulating the steady-state numbers, and characteristics of radiosensitivity related to cell death and non-lethal cell damage.

Early hematopoietic effects of chronic radiation exposure in humans.

The major goal of this study is to investigate and quantitatively describe the nature of the relationship between the characteristics of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation and specific patterns of hematopoiesis reduction. The study is based on about 3,200 hemograms taken for inhabitants of the Techa riverside villages over the years 1951-1956, i.e.

Modeling deterministic effects in hematopoietic system caused by chronic exposure to ionizing radiation in large human cohorts.

A new model of the hematopoietic system for humans chronically exposed to ionizing radiation allows for quantitative description of the initial hematopoiesis inhibition and subsequent increase in the risks of late stochastic effects such as leukemia. This model describes the dynamics of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment as well as the dynamics of each of the three blood cell types (leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets). The model parameters are estimated from the results of other experiments.

Late effects in hemopoiesis and bone tissue among people with incorporated osteotropic isotope 90Sr.

Unlabelled: The present paper focuses on the analysis of data resulting from 50-y studies involving assessment of the hemopoiesis state in Techa riverside residents chronically exposed to radiation and evaluation of the bone tissue status for people with Sr incorporation at late time after the intakes.

Conclusions: 1. In the late period after the start of chronic radiation exposure (50 y later) only a few individuals with red bone marrow doses reaching about 1.

Early hematopoiesis inhibition under chronic radiation exposure in humans.

The major goal of this study was to identify and quantitatively describe the association between the characteristics of chronic (low-dose rate) exposure to (low LET) ionizing radiation and cellularity of peripheral blood cell lines. About 3,200 hemograms (i.e.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with cerebral depression.

Introduction: Bacterial nosocomial ventilator-associated pneumonias are common complications in critically-ill patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the significance of the quantitative changes of consciousness of various etiology as a risk factor for the development of this type of pneumonia.

Patients And Methods: The present prospective study included 81 patients with depressed level of consciousness of different etiology who had developed bacterial nosocomial pneumonia.

[Efficiency and safety of the intravenous application of esomeprazole (nexium - Astra Zeneca) in high risk patients subjected to mechanic ventilation].

Introduction: The aim of the research was to determine the effectivity and the safety of the intravenous application of Esomeprazole (Nexium - Astra Zeneca) like prevention of the development of stress-ulcers of the gastric mucous with high risk patients at ICU with mechanic ventilation.

Patients And Methods: 47 patients subjected to mechanic ventilation over 48 hours with availability of just one more risk factor for development of stress-ulcers of gastric musous were included in the study. Samples of gastric juice for determination of the acidity and presence of fresh erythrocytes and microbiological cultures from gastric contents, wash away of the mouth cavity and tracheal aspiration were tested on the 1st, the 3rd and the 5th day from the start of the treatment.

Laryngopharyngeal symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms is greater than expect. A prospective study was performed to investigate the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms. Laryngologic evaluation with nasopharyngeal and laryngeal endoscopy and gastroenterologic evaluation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy including measurement of pH value were performed in 46 patients.

High interleukin 12 and low interleukin 10 production after in vitro stimulation detected in sepsis survivors.

Objective: To evaluate viability of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and production of cytokines in vitro after stimulation as prognostic factors for survival in sepsis patients.

Design: Prospective study of the biological response of PBMC in the onset of severe sepsis.

Setting: Research laboratory of molecular biology and immunology and university hospital ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University.

[Spontaneous esophageal perforation--a case report and review].

The quick diagnosis is decisive for the outcome of the treatment of patients with esophageal perforation because of the serious complications--mediastinitis, empyema and sepsis. These are the main causes for the high mortality of up to 60 per cent of the patients with esophageal perforation. The difficulties for the particular operative tactics rise from the late diagnosis.

[Uncommon tracheal trauma. Diagnosis and treatment].

The trauma of the trachea and bronchi are extremely rare, in 0.6 to 3 per cent of the patients with chest trauma. Most common are the longitudinal lesions localized in the membranous part.

[Mediastinitis--diagnostics and surgical treament].

During the last 10 years we have treated 23 patients with acute mediastinitis. The patients' age, sex, medical status, causes of the infection, bacteriology, chest X-ray and computed tomography scan findings, surgical intervention, complications, survival, and other clinical parameters were reviewed.

[Algorithms for procedures in thoracic trauma].

The study includes 1127 injured with thoracic trauma, 23 percent of them with polytrauma. The worse thoracic trauma were these with formed flail chest with pleural and lung complications, accompanied by severe disfunction in circulation and biomechanics of breathing. The application of minimal surgical procedures like pleural punctures and drainage of pleural cavities with aspiration achieved good results.

An IgA, IgG and IgM-containing human immunoglobulin for oral administration to high-risk bottle-fed newborns. I. Immunochemical characterisation and antibody activity.

Antibodies to a wide spectrum of infectious agents belonging to the IgA, IgM and IgG isotypes are thought to be one of the protective factors in human milk. Cow milk-fed newborns are at an increased risk of infections as well as of allergic diseases and of necrotising enterocolitis. A reasonable approach would be to add to the milk formula fed to them the immunoglobulins present in human milk.

UN/EDIFACT based medical documentation and messages.

New documentation and messages conforming to the rules of EDIFACT are created and an attempt is made to follow internationally standardised and wordwide available commercial experience. A set of medical documents, aligned with United Nations Layout Key for trade documents is designed. The approach is to develop a set of paper documents and to standardise the data which are filled in these documents.

Effect of variance of interaction effects of sire and herd on selection for milk and fat yield.

The animal model for genetic evaluations of dairy cattle by the USDA currently includes a term for interaction effects of sire and herd. The relative magnitude of the variance of that effect was established in the 1960s as 14% of the total variance, but recent research has shown that the proportion is 2% or less. This report compared EBV using either the 14% or the actual estimate from 20 samples of records from herds in California, New York, and Pennsylvania.

Estimates using an animal model of (co)variances for yields of milk, fat, and protein for the first lactation of Holstein cows in California and New York.

First lactation yields of milk, fat, and protein from Holstein cows in New York and California were used to obtain REML estimates of (co)variances for yield traits using a multitrait animal model. Data from each state were split randomly into 10 samples, averaging 5504 cows per sample from California and 5078 from New York. Mean heritability estimates for milk, fat, and protein yields were .

Variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for yield traits of Holsteins in California, New York, and Pennsylvania with an animal model.

An animal model with a REML algorithm was used to estimate variances of additive genetic effects and interaction effects of sire and herd. Milk and fat yields were analyzed for first, second, and third lactations of Holsteins from California, New York, and Pennsylvania. Twenty samples of data were used in the study: 10 from California, 4 from New York, and 6 from Pennsylvania.