A Quantitative Systematic Literature Review of Combination Punishment Literature: Progress Over the Last Decade.

This review evaluated single-case experimental design research that examined challenging behavior interventions utilizing punishment elements. Thirty articles published between 2013 and 2022 met study inclusion criteria. Study quality was also assessed.

Opportunities to optimise care and choice in joint replacement surgery using a digitally delivered, holistic PreHab pathway.

Purpose: To describe the implementation and evaluation of a hospital-initiated, community-based, digital prehabilitation program (: MPP for adults referred for elective joint replacement.

Methods: MPP was implemented July 2022 and comprises a personalised digital health screen that guides the provision of self-management resources. Adults (18 years) referred and accepted, or already waitlisted, for total knee/hip replacement surgery were eligible.

An Interactive Web-Based Platform for Support Generation and Optimisation for Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

Powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB), a prevalent and rapidly advancing additive manufacturing (AM) technology nowadays, serves the industry by producing thin, complex, and lightweight components for various sectors, including healthcare, automotive, defence, and aerospace. However, this technology encounters challenges related to the construction of critical parts and the high overall process costs. Equally significant is the role of support structures in metal laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M).

Development and Evaluation of Biodegradable Core-Shell Microfibrous and Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Tissue engineering scaffolds as three-dimensional substrates may serve as ideal templates for tissue regeneration by simulating the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Many biodegradable synthetic polymers, either hydrophobic, like Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), or hydrophilic, like Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA), are widely used as candidate bioactive materials for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. However, a combination of good cytocompatibility of hydrophilic polymers with good biomechanical performance of hydrophobic polymers could be beneficial for the in vivo performance of the scaffolds.

Support Structures Optimisation for High-Quality Metal Additive Manufacturing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Numerical Simulation Study.

This study focuses on Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM), an emerging method known for its ability to create lightweight components and intricate designs. However, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), a prominent AM technique, faces a major challenge due to the development of high residual stress, resulting in flawed parts and printing failures. The study's goal was to assess the thermal behaviour of different support structures and optimised designs to reduce the support volume and residual stress while ensuring high-quality prints.

Tendon-Sparing Extraocular Muscle Enlargement Associated With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an inflammatory, sensorimotor polyneuropathy. It has presented with a variety of orbital and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, including cranial nerve hypertrophy and a single case of extraocular muscle enlargement. The authors present a second case of tendon-sparing, extraocular muscle enlargement, resulting in new-onset diplopia and strabismus in a teenager with CIDP.

Identifying novel regulatory effects for clinically relevant genes through the study of the Greek population.

Background: Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies provide insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying disease risk. Expanding studies of gene regulation to underexplored populations and to medically relevant tissues offers potential to reveal yet unknown regulatory variants and to better understand disease mechanisms. Here, we performed eQTL mapping in subcutaneous (S) and visceral (V) adipose tissue from 106 Greek individuals (Greek Metabolic study, GM) and compared our findings to those from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) resource.

Dually crosslinked injectable alginate-based graft copolymer thermoresponsive hydrogels as 3D printing bioinks for cell spheroid growth and release.

In this work a dual crosslinked network based on sodium alginate graft copolymer, bearing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) P(NIPAM-co-NtBAM) side chains was developed and examined as a shear thinning soft gelating bioink. The copolymer was found to undergo a two-step gelation mechanism; in the first step a three-dimensional (3D) network is formed through ionic interactions between the negatively ionized carboxylic groups of the alginate backbone and the positive charges of Ca divalent cations, according to the "egg-box" mechanism. The second gelation step occurs upon heating which triggers the hydrophobic association of the thermoresponsive P(NIPAM-co-NtBAM) side chains, increasing the network crosslinking density in a highly cooperative manner.

Development of a feasible and acceptable digital prehabilitation pathway to improve elective surgical outcomes.

Objectives: To codesign and assess the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of a hospital-initiated, community delivered approach to health optimization (prehab) prior to planned surgery.

Design: Participatory codesign combined with a prospective, observational cohort study (April-July 2022).

Setting: A large metropolitan tertiary referral service with 2 participating hospitals.

The impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) on clinical outcomes in high risk patients.

Purpose: To investigate whether preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) improves the clinical outcome in patients with advanced maternal age (AMA), recurrent miscarriages (RM), and recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study from a single IVF center and a single genetics laboratory. One hundred seventy-six patients undergoing PGT-A were assigned to three groups: an AMA group, an RM group, and a RIF group.

Effects of Acute Triiodothyronine Treatment in Patients with Anterior Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Angioplasty: Evidence from a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial (ThyRepair Study).

Thyroid hormone has a differential action on healthy and ischemic heart. Triiodothyronine (T3) administration improved postischemic cardiac function while it limited apoptosis in experimentally induced ischemia. Thus, the present study investigated the potential effects of acute liothyronine (LT3) treatment in patients with anterior myocardial infarction.

Tissue plasminogen activator rescues steroid-induced outflow facility reduction via non-enzymatic action.

Purpose: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) prevents steroid-induced reduction in aqueous humor outflow facility; however, its mechanism of action at the trabecular meshwork (TM) remains unclear. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic domains allow tPA to function as both an enzyme and a cytokine. This study sought to determine whether cytokine activity is sufficient to rescue steroid-induced outflow facility reduction.

Convalescent plasma therapy in an immunocompromised patient with multiple COVID-19 flares: a case report.

Convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion has been utilized as a salvage therapy in immunocompromised patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. We describe the case of a 45-year-old immunocompromised patient, who received CP, in order to control multiple COVID-19 flares and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viraemia lasting for 2 months after the initial diagnosis.

Combining Multiple RNA-Seq Data Analysis Algorithms Using Machine Learning Improves Differential Isoform Expression Analysis.

RNA sequencing has become the standard technique for high resolution genome-wide monitoring of gene expression. As such, it often comprises the first step towards understanding complex molecular mechanisms driving various phenotypes, spanning organ development to disease genesis, monitoring and progression. An advantage of RNA sequencing is its ability to capture complex transcriptomic events such as alternative splicing which results in alternate isoform abundance.

A novel polymeric fibrous microstructured biodegradable small-caliber tubular scaffold for cardiovascular tissue engineering.

Increasing morbidity of cardiovascular diseases in modern society has made it crucial to develop artificial small-caliber cardiovascular grafts for surgical intervention of diseased natural arteries, as alternatives to the gold standard autologous implants. Synthetic small-caliber grafts are still not in use due to increased risk of restenosis, lack of lumen re-endothelialization and mechanical mismatch, leading sometimes either to graft failure or to unsuccessful remodeling and pathology of the distal parts of the anastomosed healthy vascular tissues. In this work, we aimed to synthesize small-caliber polymeric (polycaprolactone) tissue-engineered vascular scaffolds that mimic the structure and biomechanics of natural vessels.

Secondary Alopecia Neoplastica Mimicking Alopecia Areata following Breast Cancer.

Cutaneous metastases from visceral carcinomas are relatively uncommon, with an overall incidence ranging from 0.7 to 9%. Diagnosis of scalp metastases usually escapes clinicians and dermatologists due to the fact that these metastases are mimicking other benign dermatological conditions.

Debate of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Multimorbidity Patient with Complex Coronary Lesions.

Background: While complete revascularization in coronary artery disease is of high priority, the method of implementation in patients with complex coronary lesions and multiple comorbidities is not directed by published guidelines. . A 53-year-old female with a chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery and a bifurcation lesion of the left anterior descending artery and the first diagonal branch, presented with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Ten simple rules for making training materials FAIR.

Everything we do today is becoming more and more reliant on the use of computers. The field of biology is no exception; but most biologists receive little or no formal preparation for the increasingly computational aspects of their discipline. In consequence, informal training courses are often needed to plug the gaps; and the demand for such training is growing worldwide.

A Genetic Risk Score for the Estimation of Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most frequent bariatric surgery procedures worldwide. In this prospective study, we examined the association of a genetic risk score (GRS) with loss of excess weight after bariatric surgery.

Methods: A total of forty-seven morbidly obese Greek patients who underwent SG (81%) or RYGB were recruited, followed up for 2 years and genotyped.