Diagnosis of childhood pneumonia: clinical assessment without radiological confirmation may lead to overtreatment.

Objectives: Consensus guidelines discourage the use of routine radiologic confirmation of clinically diagnosed pneumonia in children. The goal of the present study was to assess the degree of antibiotic overtreatment resulting from this approach.

Design: This was a prospective data collection.

Pylephlebitis due to perforated appendicitis in a teenager.

Pylephlebitis, a septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein, is a life-threatening complication of intraabdominal infections, commonly associated with acute appendicitis in children, and diverticulitis in adults. A 13-year-old boy was admitted for high fever and jaundice. On the fifth day of hospitalization, ultrasound Doppler flow and Computer Tomography scan studies showed thrombosis of the portal vein and acute appendicitis.

Is omitting post urinary-tract-infection renal ultrasound safe after normal antenatal ultrasound? An observational study.

Background: Guidelines recommend obtaining a renal ultrasonogram (RUS) for young children after a first urinary tract infection (UTI).

Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the concordance of prenatal and post-UTI RUS findings in children with a first simple UTI.

Methods: This was a prospective study and included all children aged 5 years or younger who were hospitalised with a first simple UTI (determined as clinical response and normalisation of temperature within 48 h on initiation of antibacterial therapy with no complications).