Radial peripapillary capillary density as a predictive factor for glaucoma in eyes with ocular hypertension. An observational, comparative, single-centred study.

Ocular hypertension (OH) is a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) exceeding the normal range, without any evident damage to the optic nerve or visual field defects characteristic of glaucoma. It constitutes a significant precursor to the development of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that microcirculation alterations in eyes with OH could serve as predicting factors to identify eyes at high risk for progression to glaucoma.

Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with retinal vein occlusion resistant to anti-VEGF therapy: a 12-month prospective study.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) injections administrated on an "as-needed" protocol for retinal vein occlusion patients with macular oedema, previously subjected to at least five anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections with poor or no response. Prospective interventional case series of 13 branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and 10 central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) patients with persistent macular oedema (>250 μm) after at least five anti-VEGF injections. Exclusion criteria included: baseline visual acuity worse than 1.

Endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with a retained angle-supported intraocular lens.

Purpose: To describe the outcomes of endothelial keratoplasty (EK) for bullous keratopathy in eyes with a retained angle-supported anterior chamber intraocular lens (acIOL).

Methods: Among 263 consecutive EK procedures, 7 DMEK and 11 DSAEK procedures were identified in eyes with an acIOL and included in the present retrospective case series. Pre- and postoperative status including ocular history, anatomical outcome and complications as well as best-corrected visual acuity was evaluated.

Isolated descemetorhexis for anterior synechiolysis prior to endothelial keratoplasty - case report and technique.

Purpose: To describe the utilization of descemetorhexis for reformation of the anterior chamber in eyes with central iridocorneal synechiae before endothelial keratoplasty (EK).

Methods: A 71-year-old man with a history of trabeculectomy complicated by hypotony presented with bullous keratopathy in the presence of extensive iridocorneal synechiae and a flat anterior chamber. In order to proceed with EK, synechiolysis with the use of viscoelastic and scissors was attempted.

Comparison of Goldmann applanation tonometry and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry in relation to central corneal thickness and corneal curvature.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature in tonometry measurements taken by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry (DCT).

Methods: This was a prospective study of 185 eyes from 97 subjects, attending outpatient ophthalmology appointments, who underwent intraocular pressure measurements by GAT and Pascal DCT. CCT and corneal curvature were obtained using ultrasound pachymetry and Orbscan topography, respectively.

Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome: Analysing the Preoperative Prognostic Factors.

Purpose: To identify the prognostic factors affecting the surgical outcomes in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome undergoing pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective clinical study of 67 eyes of 67 patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome who underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Demographic, clinical, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics were collected and analyzed.

Predictive Value of HRT Stereometric Parameters and Blue-on-Yellow Perimetry Global Indices in Glaucoma-suspected Subjects.

Objective: To determine subtle changes of Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) stereometric parameters and blue-on-yellow (B/Y) perimetry global indices for the early diagnosis of glaucoma in suspected subjects.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional data on 174 eyes of 87 subjects from a larger cohort, attending the Glaucoma Department of the "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital of Athens from January 2004 to February 2014, were used in the study.

β-Thalassemia and ocular implications: a systematic review.

Background: Beta-thalassemia is a severe genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding for the beta chains of hemoglobin. Individuals with beta-thalassemia major require regular lifelong Red Blood Cell transfusions to survive. Ocular involvement is quite common and may have serious implications.

Safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation through a small pupil using minimal iris manipulation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the results of phacoemulsification through a small pupil using minimal iris manipulation versus phacoemulsification through a well-dilated pupil.

Methods: This prospective randomized control (comparative) study comprised 78 patients (group I) with a maximally dilated pupil size of ≤4.00 mm and 45 patients (group II) with dilated pupil size of ≥7.

Trabeculectomy with Healaflow versus Trabeculectomy for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose. To compare the outcomes of trabeculectomy with and without Healaflow (Anteis S.A, Geneva, Switzerland), a high molecular weight viscoelastic gel, in patients requiring glaucoma surgery.

Ophthalmic Metastasis of Breast Cancer and Ocular Side Effects from Breast Cancer Treatment and Management: Mini Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases occurring in women, and its incidence increases over the years. It is the main site of origin in ocular metastatic disease in women, and, due to its hematogenous nature of metastatic spread, it affects mainly the uveal tissue. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the clinical manifestations of the breast cancer ocular metastatic disease, alongside the side effects of the available treatment options for the management and regression of the systematic and ophthalmic disease.

Post-cataract surgery diplopia: aetiology, management and prevention.

Diplopia is an infrequent but distressing adverse outcome after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Many factors may contribute to the occurrence of this problem, including prolonged sensory deprivation resulting in disruption of sensory fusion, paresis of one or more extraocular muscles, myotoxic effects of local anaesthesia, optical aberrations (for example, aniseikonia) and pre-existing disorders (for example, thyroid orbitopathy). The purpose of this review is to present the aetiology and clinical features of diplopia after cataract surgery and to discuss the possible modalities for the prevention and treatment of this frustrating complication.

Comparison of the nerve fiber layer of type 2 diabetic patients without glaucoma with normal subjects of the same age and sex.

Background: The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 was compared to normal subjects of similar age and sex, having first excluded any risk factors for glaucoma. The correlation between the RNFL thickness and the severity of diabetic retinopathy was investigated at its primary stages and with other ocular and diabetic parameters.

Methods: A prospective, case series study was carried out.

Renal injury following intravitreal anti-VEGF administration in diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and chronic kidney disease--a possible side effect?

The use of intravitreal injections of anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) has been used for a broad spectrum of ocular pathologic entities. Although the dose of anti-VEGF agents used for treating eye disease is minute compared with that used intravenously, intraocular administration can lead to systemic absorption and reduce serum VEGF levels. Several systemic side effects, such as hypertension and cardiovascular complications have been rarely reported in the literature.

Clinical trial evaluating Viscoat and Visthesia ophthalmic viscosurgical devices in corneal endothelial loss after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To assess and compare the safety and the efficacy of VisThesia™ and Viscoat® in cataract surgery.

Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 44 eyes of 44 patients that were assigned randomly to undergo phacoemulsification either with VisThesia™ or with Viscoat®. Preoperative data included age, gender, visual acuity, IOP and mean endothelial cell density.

Comparison of SWAP and SAP on the point of glaucoma conversion.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the two perimetric modalities, SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry) and SAP (standard automated perimetry), on the point of conversion to glaucoma.

Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal, follow-up study, 282 patients with ocular hypertension were recruited consecutively and tested with both SAP and SWAP annually for 5 years or until the onset of conversion to glaucoma. SAP and SWAP perimetry was performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer II using the 24-2 full-threshold test.

Fractured Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (ACIOL) Complicating Nd: YAG Laser for Peripheral Iridotomy.

Laser peripheral iridotomy is the procedure of choice for the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma caused by relative or absolute pupillary block. Nd: YAG laser iridotomy has been reported to have several complications such as Iris bleeding, hyphema, transient IOP elevation, intraocular inflammation, choroidal, retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. We report a case of a 74 year old lady on anticoagulant treatment who developed pupillary block and angle closure glaucoma after cataract surgery and anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) insertion complicated with intraoperative bleeding.

The use of amniotic membrane in trabeculectomy for the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma: a prospective study.

Background: To investigate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on improving the outcomes of trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: Fifty-nine eyes affected by primary open-angle glaucoma were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. Thirty-two eyes underwent amnion-shielded trabeculectomy (study group) and 27 eyes underwent trabeculectomy without any antimetabolites (control group).

Human pericardium graft in the management of bleb's complication performed in childhood: a case report.

Background: To report a case with hypotony due to late leakage of the filtering bleb performed during childhood and treated surgically using human pericardium graft.

Case Presentation: A man with hypotony related to bleb's leakage in his right eye was presented. During his childhood trabeculectomy was performed to manage ocular hypertension due to pediatric glaucoma.

Perfluorocarbon liquids in vitreoretinal surgery: a review of applications and toxicity.

Since their introduction by Chang et al. in 1987, perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) have become a useful tool in vitreoretinal surgery. They are synthetic compounds with carbon-fluorine chemical chains that have specific physico-chemical properties, which make them valuable for the intraoperative management of the retina by simplifying vitreoretinal surgical maneuvers in a variety of settings.

Peripheral capillary non-perfusion in asymptomatic Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Background: To report the rare association of peripheral retinal ischemia in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Case Presentation: A 39-year old man with a recent diagnosis of asymptomatic Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) was referred from his physician for ocular evaluation. The fundus examination in his right eye (RE) revealed very mild central vein dilation, while retinal hemorrhages associated with microaneurismal alterations of the vascular plexus were detected at the temporal periphery.