Prognostic implications of a CD8 T to CD4T imbalance in mandibular fracture healing: a prospective analysis of immune profiles.

Introduction: Open reduction and fixation are the standard of care for treating mandibular fractures and usually lead to successful healing. However, complications such as delayed healing, non-union, and infection can compromise patient outcomes and increase healthcare costs. The initial inflammatory response, particularly the response involving specific CD8 T cell subpopulations, is thought to play a critical role in healing long bone fractures.

In Vitro Transcribed mRNA Immunogenicity Induces Chemokine-Mediated Lymphocyte Recruitment and Can Be Gradually Tailored by Uridine Modification.

Beyond SARS-CoV2 vaccines, mRNA drugs are being explored to overcome today's greatest healthcare burdens, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Synthetic mRNA triggers immune responses in transfected cells, which can be reduced by chemically modified nucleotides. However, the side effects of mRNA-triggered immune activation on cell function and how different nucleotides, such as the N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) used in SARS-CoV2 vaccines, can modulate cellular responses is not fully understood.

Splenic Artery Infarct Requiring Surgery: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 Infection.

. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to a hypercoagulable state, leading to arterial and venous thrombotic events, of which pulmonary embolism is the most frequent. However, arterial thromboembolisms may also occur as visceral infracts in unusual sites, such as the renal, splenic, and intestinal arteries.

Translational Control by 4E-BP1/2 Suppressor Proteins Regulates Mitochondrial Biosynthesis and Function during CD8 T Cell Proliferation.

CD8 T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory states are high-energy processes associated with changes in cellular metabolism. CD28-mediated costimulation of T cells activates the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and induces eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-dependent translation through the derepression by 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2. In this study, we demonstrate that 4E-BP1/2 proteins are required for optimum proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells and the development of an antiviral effector function.

Tankyrase represses autoinflammation through the attenuation of TLR2 signaling.

Dysregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide genetic evidence that tankyrase, a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, negatively regulates TLR2 signaling. We show that mice lacking tankyrase in myeloid cells developed severe systemic inflammation with high serum inflammatory cytokine levels.

GEF-H1 Is Required for Colchicine Inhibition of Neutrophil Rolling and Recruitment in Mouse Models of Gout.

Gout is a painful arthritic inflammatory disease caused by buildup of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent that is used in prophylaxis and treatment of acute gout flare, alleviates the painful inflammatory response to MSU crystals. Using i.

Neural Correlates of Social Behavior in Mushroom Body Extrinsic Neurons of the Honeybee .

The social behavior of honeybees () has been extensively investigated, but little is known about its neuronal correlates. We developed a method that allowed us to record extracellularly from mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MB ENs) in a freely moving bee within a small but functioning mini colony of approximately 1,000 bees. This study aimed to correlate the neuronal activity of multimodal high-order MB ENs with social behavior in a close to natural setting.

Differential Signaling Profiles of MC4R Mutations with Three Different Ligands.

The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a key player in hypothalamic weight regulation and energy expenditure as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Mutations in this G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) are the most common cause for monogenetic obesity, which appears to be mediated by changes in the anorectic action of MC4R via G-dependent cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling as well as other signaling pathways. To study potential bias in the effects of MC4R mutations between the different signaling pathways, we investigated three major mutations: a G loss-of-function (S127L) and a G gain-of-function mutant (H158R), as well as the most common European single nucleotide polymorphism (V103I).

[Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for pancreas resections with and without preoperative bile drainage : Is there room for improvement?].

Background: Whether an immediate surgical treatment or preoperative bile drainage (PBD) should be performed in cases of obstructive jaundice caused by a pancreatic carcinoma has been a matter of controversy for decades. The aim of this study based on in-house patient data was to evaluate both the influence of PBD on septic complications and to analyze intraoperative bile samples in patients with PBD in order to formulate current recommendations for antibiotic treatment.

Material And Methods: Relevant data from all pancreatic resections performed in this hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were collected in a prospective database and were retrospectively analyzed.

Timed Regulation of 3BP2 Induction Is Critical for Sustaining CD8 T Cell Expansion and Differentiation.

Successful anti-viral response requires the sustained activation and expansion of CD8 T cells for periods that far exceed the time limit of physical T cell interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The expanding CD8 T cell pool generates the effector and memory cell populations that provide viral clearance and long-term immunity, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that 3BP2 is recruited in cytoplasmic microclusters and nucleates a signaling complex that facilitates MHC:peptide-independent activation of signaling pathways downstream of the TCR.

Go with the flow: GEF-H1 mediated shear stress mechanotransduction in neutrophils.

Neutrophils in circulation experience significant shear forces due to blood flow when they tether to the vascular endothelium. Biochemical and biophysical responses of neutrophils to the physical force of flowing blood modulate their behavior and promote tissue recruitment under pro-inflammatory conditions. Neutrophil mechanotransduction responses occur through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood.

Microbial community structure and activity in trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged by Gentle Remediation Options (GRO).

Gentle remediation options (GRO) are based on the combined use of plants, associated microorganisms and soil amendments, which can potentially restore soil functions and quality. We studied the effects of three GRO (aided-phytostabilisation, in situ stabilisation and phytoexclusion, and aided-phytoextraction) on the soil microbial biomass and respiration, the activities of hydrolase enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S, and bacterial community structure of trace element contaminated soils (TECS) from six field trials across Europe. Community structure was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Bacteria, α- and β-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae, and sequencing of DGGE bands characteristic of specific treatments.

Assessing phytotoxicity of trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged with gentle remediation options at ten European field trials.

Gentle remediation options (GRO), i.e. in situ stabilisation, (aided) phytoextraction and (aided) phytostabilisation, were implemented at ten European sites contaminated with trace elements (TE) from various anthropogenic sources: mining, atmospheric fallout, landfill leachates, wood preservatives, dredged-sediments, and dumped wastes.

The Main Anatomic Variations of the Hepatic Artery and Their Importance in Surgical Practice: Review of the Literature.

Anatomical variations of the hepatic artery are important in the planning and performance of abdominal surgical procedures. Normal hepatic anatomy occurs in approximately 80% of cases, for the remaining 20% multiple variations have been described. The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature on the hepatic anatomy and to stress out its importance in surgical practice.

GEF-H1 is necessary for neutrophil shear stress-induced migration during inflammation.

Leukocyte crawling and transendothelial migration (TEM) are potentiated by shear stress caused by blood flow. The mechanism that couples shear stress to migration has not been fully elucidated. We found that mice lacking GEF-H1 (GEF-H1), a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), displayed limited migration and recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed tissues.

Solid Serous Adenoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Herein, we report a case of a solid-type serous cystadenoma of the pancreas which is the 16th case reported worldwide and the first ever reported in Greece. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypervascular mass in the tail of the pancreas of a 72-year-old female who presented with mild abdominal pain. Distal pancreatectomy was performed by laparotomy and histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a solid-type serous cystadenoma of the pancreas.

Color Tissue Doppler to Analyze Fetal Cardiac Time Intervals: Normal Values and Influence of Sample Gate Size.

Purpose: To assess the time intervals of the cardiac cycle in healthy fetuses in the second and third trimester using color tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI) and to evaluate the influence of different sizes of sample gates on time interval values.

Materials And Methods: Time intervals were measured from the cTDI-derived Doppler waveform using a small and large region of interest (ROI) in healthy fetuses.

Results: 40 fetuses were included.

Correction: Ioannis Dimitriou et al, Palmaris Longus Muscle's Prevalence in Different Nations and Interesting Anatomical Variations: Review of the Literature.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2243w.].

Kinetic and economic analysis of reactive capture of dilute carbon dioxide with Grignard reagents.

Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) processes face significant challenges, especially in the energetic cost of carbon capture from flue gas and the uphill energy gradient for CO2 reduction. Both of these stumbling blocks can be addressed by using alkaline earth metal compounds, such as Grignard reagents, as sacrificial capture agents. We have investigated the performance of these reagents in their ability to both capture and activate CO2 directly from dried flue gas (essentially avoiding the costly capture process entirely) at room temperature and ambient pressures with high yield and selectivity.

Role of Neutrophil CD64 Index as a Screening Marker for Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Introduction: The role of CD64 in late onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants has been described in several studies. Aim of this study was to investigate whether CD64 expression is increased in the days before clinical manifestation of LOS.

Methods: Patients with birth weight below 1,500 g were eligible for study participation.

Inter-locus as well as intra-locus heterogeneity in LINE-1 promoter methylation in common human cancers suggests selective demethylation pressure at specific CpGs.

Background: Hypomethylation of long interspersed element (LINE)-1 has been observed in tumorigenesis when using degenerate assays, which provide an average across all repeats. However, it is unknown whether individual LINE-1 loci or different CpGs within one specific LINE-1 promoter are equally affected by methylation changes. Conceivably, studying methylation changes at specific LINE-1 may be more informative than global assays for cancer diagnostics.

Agronomic Practices for Improving Gentle Remediation of Trace Element-Contaminated Soils.

The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably include in situ contaminant stabilization ("inactivation") and plant-based (generally termed "phytoremediation") options. For trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, GRO aim to either decrease their labile pool and/or total content in the soil, thereby reducing related pollutant linkages. Much research has been dedicated to the screening and selection of TE-tolerant plant species and genotypes for application in GRO.

Selecting chemical and ecotoxicological test batteries for risk assessment of trace element-contaminated soils (phyto)managed by gentle remediation options (GRO).

During the past decades a number of field trials with gentle remediation options (GRO) have been established on trace element (TE) contaminated sites throughout Europe. Each research group selects different methods to assess the remediation success making it difficult to compare efficacy between various sites and treatments. This study aimed at selecting a minimum risk assessment battery combining chemical and ecotoxicological assays for assessing and comparing the effectiveness of GRO implemented in seven European case studies.