Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2a Expression Is Positively Correlated With Gleason Score in Prostate Cancer.

Background: One of the main factors in response to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Although its role in other solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma, has been sufficiently elucidated, it remains elusive in prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of main proteins involved in this pathway and determine the correlation of the results with clinicopathological outcomes of patients with prostate cancer.

A giant adrenal cyst difficult to diagnose except by surgery.

Introduction: Adrenal cysts represent rare clinical entities. Although surgical indications are well defined, pitfalls arise from the failure to establish an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Cystic lesions of other abdominal organs especially the pancreas complicate the diagnostic field.

Neurovascular injury during primary total hip arthroplasty caused by a threaded acetabulum cup.

We report an iatrogenic neurovascular injury during hip arthroplasty surgery. During insertion of a threaded titanium cup into a dysplastic acetabulum (lack of anterior wall), both the common femoral artery and nerve were crushed. It is therefore recommended that, if the soft tissues are exposed and can interfere with the instruments, inserts that require rotation should not be selected to be placed in the acetabulum.

Fatal intra-operative pulmonary embolism following application of an Esmarch bandage.

The objective of this paper is to raise the awareness of a possible fatal complication during operations in the lower limbs, when an Esmarch bandage is used for exsanguination of the affected limb during the operation. After reviewing the literature, four cases of fatal massive pulmonary embolism have been identified after Esmarch bandage application in trauma patients [Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 50(2) (1999) 95, Reg. Anaesth 6 (1983) 83, Anesthesiology 58 (1983) 373, Anaesthesia 25(3) (1970) 445] but there is no any reference to an elective case.