Expression of the Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells' Biomarkers SOX2 and OCT3/4 in Oral Leukoplakias and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are incriminated for initiating the process of carcinogenesis either de novo or through the transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to detect the expression of embryonic-type CSC markers OCT3/4 and SOX2 in OSCCs and oral leukoplakias (OLs), the most common of OPMDs.

Materials And Methods: The study type is experimental, and the study design is characterized as semiquantitative research, which belongs to the branch of experimental research.

A novel lightweight deep convolutional neural network for early detection of oral cancer.

Objectives: To develop a lightweight deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for binary classification of oral lesions into benign and malignant or potentially malignant using standard real-time clinical images.

Methods: A small deep CNN, that uses a pretrained EfficientNet-B0 as a lightweight transfer learning model, was proposed. A data set of 716 clinical images was used to train and test the proposed model.

Sore or Swollen Lips Part 3: Diagnosis and Treatment.

This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips. Clinical relevance: Sore and/or swollen lips are not uncommon, often have a local cause but may reflect a systemic disease. The previous 2 papers in the series discussed their causes.

Sore or Swollen Lips Part 2: Systemic Causes.

This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips. Clinical relevance: Sore and/or swollen lips are not uncommon, often have a local cause, but may reflect a systemic disease. The previous article reviewed important causes, from actinic to contact cheilitis, while this paper starts with drug-induced cheilitis and completes that alphabetical list.

Sore or Swollen Lips Part 1- Causes and Diagnosis.

This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips. Clinical relevance: Sore and/or swollen lips are not uncommon, often have a local cause but may reflect a systemic disease. This first part of a series of three papers reviews their causes and diagnosis alphabetically, for ease of reference.