Crocodile Skin Retinal Appearance: Miliary Distribution of Bilateral Idiopathic Multifocal Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachments.

This report presents cases of an unusual appearance of bilateral idiopathic multifocal retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in three patients, using multimodal imaging. Three patients with multiple PEDs, initially diagnosed as drusen, were referred for evaluation. They underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging.

Central retinal artery and Common Carotid artery occlusions following COVID-19 infection: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of central retinal artery and common carotid artery occlusions following COVID-19 infection in a young female with no other risk factors.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical notes of a patient hospitalized with COVID 19 infection at University Hospital Southampton.

Results: The patient was found to have dural venous sinus thrombosis and an acute infarct within the right parietal lobe.

Epiretinal membranes in patients with uveitis: an update on the current state of management.

Purpose: This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning the clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approach of uveitic epiretinal membranes (ERM).

Methods: A thorough investigation of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database. Additionally, a complementary search was carried out on Google Scholar to ensure the inclusion of all relevant items in the collection.

Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in patients with bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation.

Purpose: This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning the clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approach of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP).

Methods: A meticulous literature search was performed in the PubMed database. A supplementary search was made in Google Scholar to complete the collected items.

Central retinal artery occlusion after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a vascular ophthalmic emergency. Often caused by a sudden interruption of blood flow to the eye, with profound and painless vision loss, resulting in irreversible cell damage. An impacted embolus at the narrowest part of the central retinal artery is the most common cause.

Punctate inner choroidopathy: A review of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory condition characterized by multifocal chorioretinopathy that primarily affects young adults, with a predilection for myopic females. Clinically, it manifests as small, yellowish-white lesions in the inner choroid and outer retina, often associated with inflammatory changes. Accurate diagnosis remains a challenge due to its resemblance to other posterior uveitic entities, necessitating an astute clinical eye and advanced imaging techniques for differentiation.

Cytokines in Immune-mediated "Non-infectious" Uveitis.

Uveitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and accounts for approximately 5 - 10% of visual impairments worldwide, particularly among the working-age population. Infections are the cause of ~ 50% cases of uveitis, but it has been suggested that infection might also be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated "non-infectious" uveitis. There is growing evidence that cytokines (i.

The large Hellenic Study of Uveitis: epidemiology, etiologic factors and classification.

Purpose: To analyse the demography, etiology, and classification of uveitis at a tertiary academic referral center.

Methods: An observational study was conducted on the archives of uveitic patients at the Ocular Inflammation Service of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital of Ioannina (Greece) from 1991 to 2020. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological profile of patients, including their demographics and the main etiologic factors of uveitis.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: An Update on the Current State of Management.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a relatively common retinal disorder that leads to central vision impairment, often with a high recurrence rate. The exact etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated but are likely to be associated with hyperpermeability of the choroidal capillaries and failure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to serous detachment of the neurosensory retina. Multimodal imaging plays a critical role in the diagnostic approach and monitoring of CSCR.

Unexplained visual loss in retinal detachment repair: comparing gas, silicone oil and heavy silicone oil by multivariable regression.

Purpose: To measure the proportion of unexplained and all causes of visual loss following primary rhegmatogenous-retinal-detachment (RRD) repair, comparing gas tamponade (SF, CF, CF), silicone oil (SO, 1000cs and 5000cs) and heavy silicone oil (Densiron).

Methods: Retrospective, continuous, comparative study from 01/1/2017-31/5/2021. All primary RRDs were included after successful removal of SO and Densiron.

An Unusual Manifestation of Brucella-Associated Uveitis in a Young Male Patient.

This is a unique case of retinoschisis as an ocular manifestation of brucellosis. A 38-year-old male presented with recurrent episodes of bilateral eye redness, predominately in his left eye. His visual acuity was not affected, and he did not report any other symptoms.

The Large Hellenic Study of Uveitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Algorithms, Complications, and Final Outcome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, complications, and final outcome in the management of uveitic patients at a tertiary academic referral center.

Design: Observational study.

Methods: Analysis of the archives of 6191 uveitic patients at the Ocular Inflammation Service of the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Ioannina in Greece from 1991 to 2020.

Neovascular Glaucoma: An Update.

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe type of secondary glaucoma with devastating complications and generally poor visual prognosis. NVG is defined by the development of pathological neovessels over the iris and the iridocorneal angle that can block the outflow of aqueous humor, causing elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). The pathogenesis of NVG is, in most cases, associated with ischemia of the posterior segment, which is most frequently associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or central retinal vein occlusion.

Comparing the outcomes of YAG laser anterior capsulotomies performed by an advanced nurse practitioner to ophthalmologists in the management of anterior capsular contraction syndrome.

Background: Anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) describes the progressive fibrotic phimosis of the anterior capsular bag that usually occurs a few months after cataract surgery. YAG laser anterior capsulotomy (YAGAC) is the most common treatment option due to the low-risk profile of this intervention.

Purpose: In this series, we evaluated the outcomes of an advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) in conducting this laser intervention, comparing the results with those of ophthalmologists.

Experience gained during vitreoretinal fellowships in the United Kingdom.

Background: There are 16 vitreoretinal (VR) fellowships listed on the British and Eire Association of Vitreoretinal Surgeons (BEAVRS) website offering places to 23 applicants, however, this list is not exhaustive. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate surgical volume, training, and experience of VR fellows in the UK.

Methods: An anonymous survey was disseminated online to current and past VR fellows who are members of BEAVRS.

A novel case of - associated acute dacryocystitis.

This study aims to report an acute dacryocystitis associated with infection. The patient's medical records and laboratory were thoroughly assessed. A thorough literature search was performed in PubMed database.

"Comparing outcomes of advanced nurse practitioners to ophthalmologists performing posterior YAG capsulotomy, a six-year study of 6308 eyes".

Purpose: To primarily report the baseline characteristics and visual acuity (VA) outcomes of advanced nurse practitioners (ANP) compared to ophthalmologists following YAG posterior capsulotomy (YAGPC). We secondarily looked to characterise the risk factors that lead to a repeated YAGPC.

Method: Retrospective consecutive case series of 6,308 eyes attending the Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre.

The Effect of Supervision and Out-of-Hours Surgery on the Outcomes of Primary Macula-On Retinal Detachments Operated by Vitreoretinal Fellows: A Review of 435 Surgeries.

Purpose: During bank holidays and weekends (BHWE), many primary macula-on retinal detachments (RD) across the United Kingdom are performed unsupervised out-of-hours by experienced vitreoretinal (VR) fellows. We aimed to determine whether first-year (F1) and second-year (F2) fellows could safely operate out-of-hours independently with remote supervision on primary macula-on RDs.

Methods: This is a retrospective consecutive series of 435 patients attending the Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre from January 2017 to July 2020.