Predictive value of the bone markers osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide for jaw osteonecrosis in high-risk prostate cancer patients on bisphosphonate therapy: A prospective study.

Objective: To examine the predictive value of osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels for jaw osteonecrosis in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients taking bisphosphonates (BPs).

Methods: Twenty-four patients were prospectively recruited in this study and followed from 2011 to 2015. All patients were diagnosed with metastatic PCa with secondary bone deposits and were on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Chronic prostatitis effectively managed by transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) in a spinal cord injury male.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI), specifically suprasacral SCI, results in high intravesical pressures, elevated post-void residual and urinary incontinence which are all risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTIs). The management of UTIs usually is conservative medical antibiotic treatment. However, recurrent UTIs in the SCI patient population warrant further investigation.

Differential Expression of IGF-I Transcripts in Bladder Cancer.

Background/aim: A growing body of evidence shows that the differential expression of E domain-related insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) transcripts (IFG-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc) in normal and cancerous tissues, implicating specific biological roles for the putative Ea, Eb, and Ec peptides, beyond IGF-I. Herein, we investigated the expression profile of IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc transcripts in bladder cancer and compared them with samples from the normal adjacent bladder tissue.

Materials And Methods: Biopsies from 46 patients (39 men and 7 women), aged 73.

Linking pre-diabetes with benign prostate hyperplasia. IGFBP-3: a conductor of benign prostate hyperplasia development orchestra?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents a pattern of non-malignant growth of prostatic fibromuscular stroma. Metabolic disturbances such us pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome may have a role in BPH pathophysiology. A potential explanation for the above relationship involves the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis as well as IGF binding proteins, (IGFBPs) of which the most abundant form is IGFBP-3.

Association of human herpes, papilloma and polyoma virus families with bladder cancer.

The aim of the present study was to assess the possible etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV), human herpes virus (HHV) and the human polyoma virus families (BKV and JCV) in the tumourigenesis of bladder cancer. Thirty biopsy specimens from patients with different grades and stages of bladder cancer, who underwent transurethral bladder cancer resection, and 30 normal bladder mucosa specimens were analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the above three virus family members. The presence of HPV was determined in all specimens with nested PCR and real-time quantitative PCR.

The implication of initial 24-core transrectal prostate biopsy protocol on the detection of significant prostate cancer and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of an initial 24-sample transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy protocol compared to the 10-core technique.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the prostate biopsy database of consecutive men undergoing prostate biopsies under local anesthesia by using the 10 (Group A) and 24 (Group B) protocols. Men were stratified according to biopsy protocol and PSA levels.

Statins and prostate cancer: molecular and clinical aspects.

The field of the potential applications of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) beyond their unambiguous cardiovascular beneficial effects is steadily increasing. In this regard, statins have also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and growth inhibitory properties. Regarding their role in carcinogenesis, both preclinical and clinical studies report conflicting results.

Detection of bacillus Galmette-Guérin (Mycobacterium bovis BCG) DNA in urine and blood specimens after intravesical immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma.

A real-time PCR targeting IS6110 was employed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in specimens collected from 10 patients treated with intravesical M. bovis bacillus Galmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for bladder malignancy. BCG DNA was detected in all urine specimens taken 24 h after the instillations, as well as in 24% of the specimens collected 7 days after the instillations; it was also detected in a single specimen taken 6 weeks after the last instillation.

Urothelial carcinoma of the sarcomatoid variant in a young patient with spina bifida: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Patients with neurogenic bladder due to spina bifida are considered to be at increased risk for aggressive bladder cancer. We present a unique case of a 32-year-old woman with spina bifida diagnosed with sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and report diagnosis and management.

Case Presentation: A 32 year old woman with neurogenic bladder managed with intermittent self catheterisations, presented with gross hematuria.

Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility promote urinary bladder cancer.

Cancer of the urinary bladder is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract, currently accounting for up to 5% of all newly diagnosed tumours in the western world. Urinary bladder carcinogenesis seems to develop from the interaction of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. Smoking, specific industrial chemicals, dietary nitrates and arsenic represent the most important exogenous risk factors.

Electrothermal bipolar coagulation for radical prostatectomies and cystectomies: a preliminary case-controlled study.

Introduction: Hemostasis is of utmost importance in urologic cancer surgery. The aim of this initial case-controlled study was to evaluate the use of an electrothermal biporal coagulator (Ligasure device) in major urologic procedures, including open radical prostatectomies and radical cystectomies.

Materials And Methods: Over the years 2001 to 2002, 58 patients aged 56-74 years (mean: 65 years) underwent open radical prostatectomies and open radical cystectomies performed by the same surgeon, employing either conventional ligation in the control group (radical prostatectomy, n = 15; radical cystectomy n = 9) or the Ligasure device in the study group (radical prostatectomy, n = 24; radical cystectomy n = 10) to ensure blood vessel patency.

Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage: a 10-year experience at our institution.

Objective: To report our experience in patients with spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage (SPH) seen at our institution over a 10-year period.

Material And Patients: Over the years from 1992 to 2002, 13 patients with SPH without a history of trauma, were treated at our hospital. There were 5 male and 8 female patients with a mean age of 55.

Symptomatic relief of patients with advanced bladder carcinoma after regional intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Thirty-two patients (30 men, 2 women), median age 68 years (range 47-85) with histologically confirmed advanced bladder carcinoma (Stages T3 and T4 according to the International Union Against Cancer staging system), who were poor surgical candidates, were prospectively treated with 1-6 (median 4) cycles of intra-arterial epirubicin (60 mg/cycle) delivered through two infusion pumps that were surgically implanted to each internal iliac artery, along with intravenous leucovorin 200 mg per day and 5-fluorouracil 750 mg per day for three consecutive days. Regional intra-arterial chemotherapy was well tolerated. There were 12 complete and 10 partial responses for an overall objective response rate of 69%.

Independent predictors of failure of shockwave lithotripsy for ureteral stones employing a second-generation lithotripter.

Purpose: To define factors associated with the failure of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in the treatment of ureteral stones.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively studied 405 men and 283 women (mean age 52.6 years) who underwent SWL with a second-generation lithotripter in the period 1994 to 2001.

Membrane androgen binding sites are preferentially expressed in human prostate carcinoma cells.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in males. Nevertheless, to this moment, there is no specific routine diagnostic marker to be used in clinical practice. Recently, the identification of a membrane testosterone binding site involved in the remodeling of actin cytoskeleton structures and PSA secretion, on LNCaP human prostate cancer cells has been reported.

Nephron-sparing surgery for localized renal cell carcinoma with a normal contralateral kidney: a European three-center experience.

Objectives: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of nephron-sparing surgery for the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma with a normal contralateral kidney.

Methods: Since 1973, 118 patients have undergone nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma on an elective basis at our institutions. The vast majority of these tumors were incidental findings, with a mean tumor diameter of 3.

Giant ureteral stone in association with primary megaureter presenting as an acute abdomen.

A 20-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain of 4-h duration and of sudden onset. A plain abdominal radiograph showed a giant ureteral stone measuring 12 cm causing ureteral obstruction. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe dilatation of the two upper thirds of the left ureter and a hydronephrotic ipsilateral kidney.