Measuring clinical outcomes in adult ADHD clinics: psychometrics of a new scale, the adult ADHD Clinical Outcome Scale.

Background: Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) clinics are in their infancy in Ireland and internationally. There is an urgent need for clinical evaluation of these services. Until now, clinical outcomes have relied mainly on functional scales and/or quality of life.

Functional impairment and quality of life in newly diagnosed adults attending a tertiary ADHD clinic in Ireland.

Background: Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, often persisting into adulthood.

Aims: To investigate the levels of functionality and quality of life (QoL) in adult patients newly diagnosed with ADHD and to compare with those without an ADHD diagnosis.

Methods: Consecutive patients who were referred to and assessed in a tertiary adult ADHD clinic enrolled in the study.

"We're seen as part of the supply chain of medicines rather than as the professionals that we are": The wellbeing of community pharmacists during the COVID response.

Introduction: Challenges facing community pharmacists in delivering and adapting services during the COVID-19 response have been reported. However, few qualitative studies have examined the impact of these experiences on their wellbeing, and what supports the profession requires in the future.

Aim(s): To examine the work-related experiences and psychosocial needs of community pharmacists situated in the Republic of Ireland arising from the COVID-19 response.

Burnout in mental health services in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Burnout is a consequence of chronic occupational stress. Specific work-related factors may contribute to burnout experienced by those working in mental health services (MHS), many of which have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: To examine personal, work- and patient-related burnout among MHS staff in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic, and explore the impact of work-related conditions on burnout.

Does the Etiology, Phenomenology and Motor Subtype of Delirium Differ When It Occurs in Patients With An Underlying Dementia?: A Multi-Site, International Study.

Objectives: To compare the etiology, phenomenology and motor subtype of delirium in patients with and without an underlying dementia.

Methods: A combined dataset (n = 992) was collated from two databases of older adults (>65 years) from liaison psychiatry and palliative care populations in Ireland and India. Phenomenology and severity of delirium were analysed using the Delirium Symptom Rating Scale Revised (DRS-R98) and contributory etiologies for the delirium groups were ascertained using the Delirium Etiology Checklist (DEC).

Perspectives of psychiatric trainees and examiners on the assessment of communication skills during an online clinical examination: a qualitative study.

Background: Effective doctor-patient communication is a core competency for healthcare professionals. With the pivot to online clinical education and assessment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need to explore the views of psychiatric trainees and examiners on assessment of communication skills during online high stakes postgraduate examinations.

Methods: The study was designed as descriptive qualitative research.

Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of PDs according to Millon's evolution-based model among adult ADHD outpatients.

Method: Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients referred to an adult ADHD clinic. PDs were evaluated with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III).

Work-related experiences of consultant psychiatrists during the COVID-19 response: qualitative analysis.

Background: Research has begun to draw attention to the challenges mental health professionals faced in delivering services during the COVID-19 pandemic response. However, few studies have examined the specific experiences of consultant psychiatrists.

Aims: To examine the work-related experiences and psychosocial needs of consultant psychiatrists situated in the Republic of Ireland arising from the COVID-19 response.

Holistic assessment of patients with chronic mental disorders who attend a metabolic clinic in Sligo Town catchment area.

Background: People with serious mental illness exhibit higher morbidity and mortality rates of chronic diseases than the general population.

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish a dedicated clinic for patients with chronic mental illness to monitor physical health and quality of life in accordance with best practice guidelines.

Methods: Patients were invited to attend the clinic.

The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The relationship between delirium and low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is contradictory and uncertain. We hypothesised that low levels of IGF-1 are a predisposing factor for delirium in medical and abdominal surgical cohorts, in contrast to other surgical cohorts.

Aims: Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between peripheral levels of IGF-1 and delirium in medical and surgical patients to explore if there are distinct patterns of associations by using subgroup meta-analysis.

COVID-19-related occupational stress in staff in an acute paediatric teaching hospital in Ireland.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major strains for healthcare staff.

Objectives: This study aims to assess prevalence of occupational burnout (BO) during COVID-19 in staff working in an acute paediatric hospital setting.

Participants: One hundred and thirty-three staff, out of 1900 eligible staff (9.

Comparison of verbal and computerised months backwards tests in a hospitalized older population.

Background: Delirium is extremely prevalent, yet underdiagnosed, in older patients and is associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and higher mortality rates. Impaired attention is the cardinal deficit in delirium and is a required feature in diagnostic criteria. The verbal months backwards test (MBT) is the most sensitive bedside test of attention, however, hospital staff occasionally have difficulty with its administration and interpretation.

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in an adult mental health service in the Republic of Ireland.

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is well recognised in childhood. However, recognition that it commonly persists into adulthood is relatively recent This study is the 2nd phase of a two-phase epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of adult ADHD in outpatients in Ireland.

Method: In phase-1, 634 participants were screened with Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS).

Delirium Item Bank: Utilization to Evaluate and Create Delirium Instruments.

Introduction: The large number of heterogeneous instruments in active use for identification of delirium prevents direct comparison of studies and the ability to combine results. In a recent systematic review we performed, we recommended four commonly used and well-validated instruments and subsequently harmonized them using advanced psychometric methods to develop an item bank, the Delirium Item Bank (DEL-IB). The goal of the present study was to find optimal cut-points on four existing instruments and to demonstrate use of the DEL-IB to create new instruments.

ADHD in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies in Outpatient Psychiatric Clinics.

Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of ADHD in adult attendees of outpatient mental health clinics and to investigate factors influencing prevalence rates.

Methods: The following were extracted: demographics, design of the study (screening only or two-phase), scales/criteria for diagnosis of ADHD, number of ADHD, and non-ADHD participants.

Results: The pooled prevalence of ADHD from screening studies ( = 9) was 26.

The Effectiveness of Community Mental Health Teams in Relation to Team Cohesion, Authentic Leadership and Size of the Team: A study in the North West of Ireland.

Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) are increasingly being considered effective models of recovery focused care, however their effectiveness and factors that may affect it have not fully evaluated. Cross-sectional study in Ireland included 106 members from 8 CMHTs. We examined CMHT's effectiveness and the effects of authentic leadership, team cohesion, team members' experience and team tenure on effectiveness, by administering the Team Effectiveness Scale, Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and Organizational Cohesion Scale.

COVID-19 related occupational stress in teachers in Ireland.

Background: Sporadic school closures and a shift to online teaching have resulted in significant work changes for teachers in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such rapid changes are likely to compound other personal or family stressors resultant from the pandemic.

Method: This study examines occupational stress levels during COVID-19 amongst a national sample of 245 teachers in Ireland using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory as the main outcome measure.

Domains of delirium severity in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Background: The ability to rate delirium severity is key to providing optimal care for persons with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Such ratings would allow clinicians to assess response to treatment, recovery time and prognosis, nursing burden and staffing needs, and to provide nuanced, appropriate patient-centered care. Given the lack of existing tools, we defined content domains for a new delirium severity instrument for use in individuals with mild to moderate ADRD, the DEL-S-AD.

Consistent patterns in the inconsistent associations of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with delirium in surgical populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Biomarkers for delirium could increase diagnostic accuracy and may help to identify pathological pathways. Until now study findings concerning cytokine levels have been inconsistent.

Aims: Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between peripheral levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and delirium in surgical patients, and to explore if there are distinct/specific patterns that may potentially explain inconsistent results.

Towards understanding the nature and need of delirium guidelines across nations and cultures.

Background: Delirium is associated with a variety of adverse healthcare outcomes but is highly predictable, preventable and treatable. For this reason, numerous guidelines have been developed for delirium recognition, prevention and management across different countries and disciplines. Although research is adduced as evidence for these guidelines, a constant finding is the lack of implementation if they exist at all.

Harmonization of Four Delirium Instruments: Creating Crosswalks and the Delirium Item-Bank (DEL-IB).

Objectives: Over 30 instruments are in current, active use for delirium identification. In a recent systematic review, we recommended 4 commonly used and well-validated instruments for clinical and research use. The goal of this study is to harmonize the four instruments on the same metric using modern methods in psychometrics.

Continuity of care and mortality in people with schizophrenia.

Background: People with schizophrenia have shortened lives. This excess mortality seems to be related to physical health conditions that may be amenable to better primary and secondary prevention. Better continuity of care may enhance such interventions as well as help prevent death by self-injury.

The complex interaction of genetics and delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective is to understand genetic predisposition to delirium. Following PRISMA guidelines, we undertook a systematic review of studies involving delirium and genetics in the databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, and performed a meta-analysis when appropriate. We evaluated 111 articles, of which 25 were finally included in the analysis.