Homozygosity of the Z-2 polymorphic variant in the aldose reductase gene promoter confers increased risk for neuropathy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the least recognized complication of diabetes mellitus and may start early in the course of the disease. Aldose reductase (AKR1B1) gene promoter Z-2/Z-2 polymorphism increases the expression of AKR1B1 enzyme and may contribute to DN.

Subjects: We evaluated 108 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) children and adolescents (mean ± SD age: 13.

Diabetic neuropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and associated genetic markers.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common long-term complication of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus, with significant morbidity and mortality. DN is defined as impaired function of the autonomic and/or peripheral nervous system, often subclinical, particularly in children and adolescents with T1D. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and skin biopsies are considered gold-standard methods in the assessment of DN.

The prevalence of early subclinical somatic neuropathy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and its association with the persistence of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and islet antigen-2 (IA-2).

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of early somatic neuropathy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) and its association with the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies (GADA and IA-2A).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital-based cohort of pediatric Type 1 DM patients (n=85, mean(±SD) age: 13.5±3.

Multiple autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer: is there an association? A case report and literature review.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by selective autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b-cells, resulting in insulin deficiency. Associated autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and gastritis, can coexist in patients with T1DM. These disorders are characterized by the presence of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG-IgA), thyroglobulin, and thyroid peroxidase (anti-TG, anti-TPO), as well as antibodies against gastric parietal cells.