Using Technique and Technology to Improve Safety and Outcomes in AIS: A Review of 12,795 Screws in Pediatric Spine Deformity.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare outcomes in AIS patients that underwent PSF using either freehand with occasional fluoroscopic assistance (FOFA), computer assisted surgery/navigation (CAS), or technique and technology (T&T).

Summary Of Background Data: Pedicle screw insertion in scoliosis is challenging due to abnormal pedicle morphology.

Association between underweight status or low body mass index and the risk of developing superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis corrective surgery in pediatric patients: a review of the literature.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Although multifactorial, the most frequent cause of SMA syndrome is significant weight loss and cachexia often induced by catabolic stress. SMA syndrome resulting from scoliosis surgery is caused by a reduction of the aortomesenteric angle and distance.

Does a dedicated "Scoliosis Team" and surgical standardization improve outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery and is it reproducible?

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if standardization improves adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery outcomes and whether it is transferrable between institutions.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of AIS patients operated between 2009 and 2021 at two institutions (IA and IB). Each institution consisted of a non-standardized (NST) and standardized group (ST).

Effect of Pedicle Screw Size on Surgical Outcomes Following Surgery for 412 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective Review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine differences in surgical and post-operative outcomes in AIS patients undergoing spinal deformity correction surgery using standard or large pedicle screw size.

Summary Of Background: Use of pedicle screw fixation in spinal deformity correction surgery is considered safe and effective.

The Volume-Cost Relationship: How Does Surgical Volume Affect Cost and Value in AIS Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare distribution of hospital and operating room charges and outcomes during posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients by high-volume (HV) and standard-volume (SV) surgeons at one institution and examine potential cost savings.

Summary Of Background Data: Increased surgical volume has been associated with improved perioperative outcomes after spinal deformity correction.

Effects of Fellowship Training on Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques and Outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between surgeons with either pediatric or sports medicine fellowship training. Patients were divided into two groups, those performed by either a pediatric or sports medicine fellowship-trained surgeon. One hundred and forty-one patients were identified: 91 (64.

Ambulatory Neuromuscular Scoliosis Patients Have Superior Perioperative Results Than Nonambulatory Neuromuscular Scoliosis Patients and Can Approach Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Outcomes After Posterior Spinal Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to identify differences in perioperative outcomes between ambulatory patients with neuromuscular scoliosis (ANMS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) following spinal fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: NMS patients have severe curves with more comorbidities and procedural complexity.

Predicting Autologous Hamstring Graft Diameter in the Pediatric Population Using Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Demographic Data.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction before 18 years of age has been linked with an increased risk for failure when the graft diameter is <8 mm.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether autologous hamstring graft size can be reliably predicted with the use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. We hypothesized that the average of multiple axial cross-sectional area MRI measurements for the semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon would alone accurately predict graft diameter.

Open-tES: An open-source stimulator for transcranial electrical stimulation designed for rodent research.

Non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been shown to modulate neuronal function and are used both in cognitive neuroscience and to treat neuropsychiatric conditions. In this context, animal models provide a powerful tool to identify the neurobiological mechanisms of action of tDCS. However, finding a current generator that is easily usable and which allows a wide range of stimulation parameters can be difficult and/or expensive.

A dual-team approach benefits standard-volume surgeons, but has minimal impact on outcomes for a high-volume surgeon in AIS patients.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data.

Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the effect of number of surgeons, surgeon experience, and surgeon volume on AIS surgery. Recent literature suggests that utilizing two surgeons for spine deformity correction surgery can improve perioperative outcomes.

Back-to-Back Surgeries in AIS Patients Can be Performed Safely Without Compromising Radiographic or Perioperative Outcomes: A 10-year Review.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether back-to-back scoliosis surgeries can be performed safely without compromising outcomes and the reproducibility of the practice between institutions.

Summary Of Background Data: During the summer, spinal surgeons will often book multiple cases in one day.

PTSD and relationship satisfaction in female survivors of sexual assault.

Objective: Intimate relationships are critical to posttrauma functioning and recovery. The vast majority of research focusing on PTSD and relationship functioning has focused exclusively on male combat veterans, from whom female sexual assault survivors may differ in critical ways. This study investigates the strength of the association between PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction, as well as the role of three interpersonal processes (sexuality, communication, and hostility) in female sexual assault survivors.

Cadaveric Study of the Safety and Device Functionality of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods After Exposure to Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exposure.

Summary Of Background Data: MCGRs are new and promising devices for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

Sexual vs. Non-sexual trauma, sexual satisfaction and function, and mental health in female veterans.

Trauma in general, and sexual assault in particular, is associated with serious mental health and functional problems. The quality of sexual satisfaction/function may be particularly impacted by sexual assault, and such sexual problems may account for some of the broader mental health and functioning impairments in sexual assault survivors. Accordingly, we examined self-reports of sexual health and mental health in a sample of 255 female veterans in committed, monogamous relationships who provided data regarding sexual assault (n = 153) or nonsexual trauma (n = 102).

Trauma-Related Disclosure in Sexual Assault Survivors' Intimate Relationships: Associations With PTSD, Shame, and Partners' Responses.

Relative to survivors of other traumatic events, survivors of sexual assault have an increased likelihood of meeting criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are also comparatively more likely to exhibit higher levels of PTSD symptom severity. Recent research has highlighted the importance of trauma-related disclosure within the context of intimate relationships for posttrauma functioning and recovery, but this phenomenon has yet to be examined specifically in sexual assault survivor samples.

A pilot cadaveric study of temperature and adjacent tissue changes after exposure of magnetic-controlled growing rods to MRI.

Purpose: To test for possible thermal injury and tissue damage caused by magnetic-controlled growing rods (MCGRs) during MRI scans.

Methods: Three fresh frozen cadavers were utilized. Four MRI scans were performed: baseline, after spinal hardware implantation, and twice after MCGR implantation.

Perceived Support From Multiple Sources: Associations With PTSD Symptoms.

Perceived social support is negatively associated with severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the literature lacks data about specific sources of support. Using 2 service member (SM) samples (n = 207 and 465), this study examined perceived support from family/friends and the broader public. SMs perceived high support from both sources.

Creation of a S1P Lyase bacterial surrogate for structure-based drug design.

S1P Lyase (SPL) has been described as a drug target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It plays an important role in maintaining intracellular levels of S1P thereby affecting T cell egress from lymphoid tissues. Several groups have already published approaches to inhibit S1P Lyase with small molecules, which in turn increase endogenous S1P concentrations resulting in immunosuppression.

Longitudinal associations of friend-based social support and PTSD symptomatology during a cannabis cessation attempt.

Research supports bidirectional associations between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whereby social support may buffer against PTSD, and individuals with PTSD may experience decreasing support over time. Research examining contexts that may affect these relations is needed. This study examined the longitudinal associations between PTSD and social support from friends over a 6-month period in 116 veterans with cannabis dependence who had recently initiated an attempt to quit cannabis use.

Wise Additions Bridge the Gap between Social Psychology and Clinical Practice: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy as an Exemplar.

Progress in clinical science, theory, and practice requires the integration of advances from multiple fields of psychology, but much integration remains to be done. The current article seeks to address the specific gap that exists between basic social psychological theories and the implementation of related therapeutic techniques. We propose several "wise additions," based upon the principles outlined by Walton (2014), intended to bridge current social psychological research with clinical psychological therapeutic practice using cognitive behavioral therapy as an example.

Osteonecrosis After Femoral Neck Fractures in Children and Adolescents: Analysis of Risk Factors.

Background: The most serious complication of femoral neck fractures in children and adolescents is osteonecrosis. Although a number of factors have been implicated in the development of osteonecrosis, no specific cause-and-effect relationship has been determined. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteonecrosis in children and adolescents after femoral neck fractures and to identify risk factors for its development.

A historical review of trauma-related diagnoses to reconsider the heterogeneity of PTSD.

Based on the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, there are 636,120 ways for an individual to qualify for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Galatzer-Levy & Bryant, 2013). To unravel this heterogeneity, we examine the historical trajectory of trauma-related diagnoses. Our review addresses four traumas (i.

Fracture of the radial styloid and concomitant first dorsal compartment musculotendinous injuries.

In the absence of preexisting inflammatory conditions, pure traumatic rupture of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendons are rare injuries. We present a report of 2 cases of extensor tendon ruptures at the musculotendinous junction occurring after concomitant fractures of the radial styloid in patients who were involved in high-energy trauma. The presence of a radial styloid fracture should raise suspicion for a greater spectrum of injury that can contribute to multidirectional instability.