Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of the role-modeling cost-conscious behaviors scale.

Background: Training in the use of cost-conscious strategies for medical students may prepare new physicians to deliver health care in a more sustainable way. Recently, a role-modeling cost-conscious behaviors scale (RMCCBS) was developed for assessing students' perceptions of their teachers' attitudes to cost consciousness. We aimed to translate the RMCCBS into Brazilian Portuguese, adapt the scale, transculturally, and validate it.

[Invasive pneumococcal strains isolated from children and adolescents in Salvador].

Objectives: To describe the antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of pneumococcal strains.

Methods: In a 57-month period, a laboratory-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal strains from patients aged < 20 years was conducted. Pneumococcus was identified by means of tests for solubility in bile and optochin.