A comparison of energy expenditure and perceived exertion between standard axillary crutches, knee scooters, and a hands-free crutch.

Background: Ambulation using standard axillary crutches (SACs) is associated with increased energy expenditure (EE) and decreased ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Using a hands-free crutch (HFC) displays potential for easier completion of ADLs and reduction in energy requirements.

Objectives: To determine if a HFC elicits lower EE and heart rate (HR), improvement in performance of ADLs, and decreased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to common ambulatory devices.