Combined deficient response to polysaccharide-based and protein-based vaccines predicts a severe clinical phenotype.

Objectives: Antibody response on polysaccharide- and protein-based vaccines is useful to test B cell functionality. As only few studies have explored the value of studying immune response to both vaccines, we evaluated the clinical value of anti-polysaccharide and anti-protein Luminex-based multiplex assays in context of primary immunodeficiency (PID) diagnosis.

Methods: A 10-plex Luminex-based assay detecting antibodies to ten pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes [present in unconjugated Pneumovax, not in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV)] and a 5-plex assay detecting antibodies to five protein antigens (present in DTap/Tdap) were clinically validated in healthy individuals (n=99) and in retrospective (n=399) and prospective (n=108) patient cohorts.

Development and validation of a microfluidic multiplex immunoassay for the determination of levels and avidity of serum antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis antigens.

A multiplex assay for the quantitation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum antibodies directed against Clostridium tetani toxin (TT), Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxoid (DTxd), and the Bordetella pertussis antigens pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (Prn) was developed on an Evalution® platform to enhance the evaluation of the specific antibody response towards protein antigens in suspected humoral immunodeficiencies. Evalution® is a microfluidic and microparticle-based platform with the possibility to analyse single samples and to perform real-time kinetic measurements of antibody binding. All individual antigens were covalently linked to the carboxylated microparticles after which samples and fluorescently labelled detection antibodies were flowed over the microparticles in the microfluidic channels of the assay cartridges of the system.

Pancreas Islet Cell-Specific Antibody Detection by ELISA.

Background: Islet cell-specific autoantibodies are useful to classify diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercially available ELISAs to detect autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa isoform (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase-related islet antigen 2 (IA-2A), zinc transporter protein 8 (ZnT8A), and insulin (IAA). The performance of ELISA was compared to the performance of RIA.

Detection of multiple myositis-specific autoantibodies in unique patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: A single centre-experience and literature review: Systematic review.

Introduction: Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) are thought to be mutually exclusive in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) based on studies with immunoprecipitation-based (IP) detection methods. Recently, detection of multiple MSAs in unique patients is increasingly reported, but the extent of this phenomenon remains unclear.

Methods: At our centre, we reviewed results from two line immunoassays and one dot immunoassay in 145 IIM patients and 240 controls for the presence of multiple MSAs.

Defining Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency: Measurement of Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies and Anti-Salmonella typhi Antibodies in a Cohort of Patients with Recurrent Infections.

Background: The correlation between different methods for the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) responses to diagnose specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SAD) is poor and the criteria for defining a normal response lack consensus. We previously proposed fifth percentile (p5) values of PPV responses as a new cutoff for SAD.

Objective: To analyze the association of SAD (determined by either World Health Organization (WHO)-standardized ELISA or multiplex bead-based assay) with abnormal response to Salmonella (S.

Diagnostic thresholds for free light chains in multiple myeloma depend on the assay used.

Leukemia accepted article preview online, 20 November 2017. doi:10.1038/leu.

Fifth Percentile Cutoff Values for Antipneumococcal Polysaccharide and Anti- Vi IgG Describe a Normal Polysaccharide Response.

Background: Serotype-specific antibody responses to unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) evaluated by a World Health Organization (WHO)-standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the gold standard for diagnosis of specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SAD). The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) has proposed guidelines to interpret the PPV response measured by ELISA, but these are based on limited evidence. Additionally, ELISA is costly and labor-intensive.

Clinical autoantibody detection by microarray.

Background: AMiDot is a microdot array-based immunoassay that allows simultaneous detection of multiple autoantibodies on a single patient. We evaluated the AMiDot "Systemic Autoimmune Disease" (SAD) panel, which detects antibodies to 17 different antigens.

Methods: AMiDot was performed on 184 samples from blood donors and on 280 randomly selected clinical samples containing antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens or to dsDNA.

Effect of previous vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine antibody responses.

During the past 10 years, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has become part of the standard childhood vaccination programme. This may impact upon the diagnosis of polysaccharide antibody deficiency by measurement of anti-polysaccharide immunoglobulin (Ig)G after immunization with unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). Indeed, contrary to PPV, PCV induces a T-dependent, more pronounced memory response.