Nipah virus survey in of eastern and northeastern region of India, 2022-2023.

Introduction: India has experienced seven outbreaks of the Nipah virus (NiV) since 2001, primarily occurring in the southern and eastern regions of the country. The southern region has been the main site for these outbreaks. In contrast, the eastern region, which borders Bangladesh, has not reported any outbreaks since 2007.

Surveillance of Nipah virus in of Kerala state, India, 2023.

Introduction: Since 2018, the Indian state of Kerala has reported four Nipah virus (NiV) disease outbreaks, raising concerns about NiV spillover from bats to the human population. Considering this, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in the bat population around the Nipah virus-affected regions of Kozhikode, Kerala, India, during February, July, and September 2023.

Methods: Throat swabs, rectal swabs, and organ samples were collected from bats to test for NiV using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while serum samples were screened for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies through ELISA.

Visible-Light-Promoted Aryl Cation Formation: Aromatic S1 Reactions of Areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propanes.

The visible light excitation of areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propane·HCl salts generated the singlet aryl cation that readily underwent aromatic S1 reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. The in situ generated singlet aryl cation was stabilized by a counter nitronate anion that prevented other intersystem crossing and single electron transfer processes. With the improved safety features of neutral areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propane derivatives, the current visible-light-promoted aromatic S1 reactions provide an alternative aryl C-X bond forming strategy.

Host immune responses in aged rhesus macaques against BBV152, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and cross-neutralization with beta and delta variants.

The magnitude and duration of immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in older adults are known to be adversely affected due to immunosenescence and inflammaging. The threat of emerging variants warrants studies on immune response in older adults to primary vaccination and booster doses so as to understand the effectiveness of vaccines in countering the threat of emerging variants. Non-human primates (NHPs) are ideal translational models, as the immunological responses in NHPs are similar to those in humans, so it enables us to understand host immune responses to the vaccine.

Needle-free injection system delivery of ZyCoV-D DNA vaccine demonstrated improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2.

The apprehension of needles related to injection site pain, risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens, and effective mass immunization have led to the development of a needle-free injection system (NFIS). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the NFIS and needle injection system (NIS) for the delivery and immunogenicity of DNA vaccine candidate ZyCoV-D in rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Briefly, 20 rhesus macaques were divided into 5 groups (4 animals each), that is, I (1 mg dose by NIS), II (2 mg dose by NIS), III (1 mg dose by NFIS), IV (2 mg dose by NFIS) and V (phosphate-buffer saline [PBS]).

Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component Selenofunctionalization of Alkenes: An Aerobic Selenol Oxidation Approach.

A photocatalyst-free visible-light-induced selenofunctionalization of alkenes has been developed using a variety of nucleophiles. The homolytic scission of diselenides under visible-light conditions coupled with the aerobic selenol oxidation to diselenides allowed the successful implementation of three-component selenofunctionalization under visible-light irradiation in open-air conditions. The mechanistic studies revealed the critical role of oxygen content in a reaction medium, where the electron transfer process from the carbon-based radicals to either molecular oxygen or selenyl radicals was controlled.

Visible-Light-Promoted Photoaddition of -Nitrosopiperidines to Alkynes: Continuous Flow Chemistry Approach to Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-]pyridine 1-Oxides.

The photoaddition of -nitrosopiperidines to terminal alkynes was effected under visible-light irradiation, in which a novel synthetic access to tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-]pyridine 1-oxides was achieved via the dehydrogenative cycloisomerization of β-nitroso enamine intermediates. The decomposition pathways of -nitrosamines, alkynes, and β-nitroso enamine intermediates were better handled in a continuous flow setting through the diffusion control of chemical species that negatively affected the formation of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-]pyridine 1-oxides under batch reaction conditions.

To Study the Clinical Profile of Thromboembolic Events in Covid 19 Patients.

Unlabelled: The sars -cov 2 causing covid 19 disease. B/l pneumonia, systemic inflammation, coagulation activation, ards , multiorgan failure are key features of covid 19. Patients need icu admission.

Serosurvey for Nipah virus in bat population of southern part of India.

Nipah virus (NiV) is one of the priority pathogens with pandemic potential. Though the spread is far slower than SARS-CoV-2, case fatality is the biggest concern. Fruit bats belonging to genus Pteropus are identified to be the main reservoir of the virus causing sporadic cases and outbreaks in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India.

Dimeric-serotonin bivalent ligands induced gold nanoparticle aggregation for highly sensitive and selective serotonin biosensor.

Chemically modulating monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin undergoes a physiological reaction of enzyme intermediated peroxidation to reconstruct dimeric self-assembled complex. A standard bivalent ligand approach dimeric serotonin increases structural and functional scaffolding with recognition-binding sites that are fundamentally more friendly than monovalent binding sites. Dimerization reaction accelerates the catalytic activity of one-electron oxidation at the C(4) position of serotonin to generate dual phenolic radicals in the presence of horseradish (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Visible-Light-Induced Photoaddition of -Nitrosoalkylamines to Alkenes: One-Pot Tandem Approach to 1,2-Diamination of Alkenes from Secondary Amines.

The generation of aminium radical cation species from -nitrosoamines is disclosed for the first time through visible-light excitation at 453 nm. The developed visible-light-promoted photoaddition reaction of -nitrosoamines to alkenes was combined with the -NQ-catalyzed aerobic oxidation protocol of amines to telescope the direct handling of harmful -nitroso compounds, where the desired α-amino oxime derivatives were obtained in a one-pot tandem N-nitrosation and photoaddition sequence.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, BBV152 in rhesus macaques.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that poses a great challenge to the public health system of affected countries. Safe and effective vaccines are needed to overcome this crisis. Here, we develop and assess the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rhesus macaques.

Detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius in 2019 outbreak from Ernakulam district, Kerala, India.

Background: In June 2019, Nipah virus (NiV) infection was detected in a 21-year-old male (index case) of Ernakulum, Kerala, India. This study was undertaken to determine if NiV was in circulation in Pteropus species (spp) in those areas where the index case had visit history in 1 month.

Methods: Specialized techniques were used to trap the Pteropus medius bats (random sampling) in the vicinity of the index case area.

Study of Kyasanur forest disease viremia, antibody kinetics, and virus infection in target organs of Macaca radiata.

The present manuscript deals with experimental infections of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) to study disease progression for better insights into the Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) pathogenesis and transmission. Experimentally, 10 monkeys were inoculated with KFD virus (KFDV) (high or low dose) and were regularly monitored and sampled for various body fluids and tissues at preset time points. We found that only 2 out of the 10 animals showed marked clinical signs becoming moribund, both in the low dose group, even though viremia, virus shedding in the secretions and excretions were evident in all inoculated monkeys.

Detection of coronaviruses in & species of bats from different States of India.

Background & Objectives: Bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. In India, an association of Pteropus medius bats with the Nipah virus was reported in the past. It is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also has its association with bats.

Visible Light-Promoted Friedel-Crafts-Type Chloroacylation of Alkenes to β-Chloroketones.

The photoredox chloroacylation of alkenes has been developed as a substitute for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of alkenes to β-chloroketones. The direct generation of acyl radical species from acid chlorides under the photoredox conditions allows the formation of β-chloroketones without dehydrochlorination with the help of KHCO. The synthetic utility of the current method is demonstrated in the one-pot synthesis of dihydroisoxazole, dihydropyrazole, and dihydropyrimidine-2-thione in 1 mmol scale.

Recent Advancement in Bio-precursor derived graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Toxicological Perspective.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), impressive materials with enormous future potential, are reviewed from their inception, including different precursors. Considering the increasing burden of industrial and ecological bio-waste, there is an urgency to develop techniques which will convert biowaste into active moieties of interest. Amongst the various materials explored, we selectively highlight the use of potential carbon containing bioprecursors (e.

β-Oxidation of Ynamides into ,Acetals by CPBA: Application in Enantioselective Intermolecular Transacetalization.

Oxidation of ynamides by CPBA led to β-oxygenation and resulted in formation of carbonyl compounds with α-,acetal functionality. These acetals are formed in high yields and can be stored indefinitely at room temperature. Yet, they can be activated by a chiral Brønsted acid and underwent an enantioselective transacetalization into a α-,acetal.

Graphene-based nanocomposites for sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor for biological and chemical sensing: A review.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) offers exceptional advantages such as label-free, in-situ and real-time measurement ability that facilitates the study of molecular or chemical binding events. Besides, SPR lacks in the detection of various binding events, particularly involving low molecular weight molecules. This drawback ultimately resulted in the development of several sensitivity enhancement methodologies and their application in the various area.

Visible-Light-Promoted Thiyl Radical Generation from Sodium Sulfinates: A Radical-Radical Coupling to Thioesters.

A convenient visible-light photoredox catalysis has been developed for the synthesis of thioesters from two readily available starting materials: acid chlorides and sodium sulfinates. The facile generation of acyl radical species under the visible light photoredox conditions allows the formation of thiyl radical species from sodium sulfinates via multiple single electron transfer reactions, where the final acyl radical-thiyl radical coupling has been accomplished. The direct radical-radical coupling strategy offers a mild and controlled photochemical approach to important synthetic building blocks such as thioesters.

Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Oxygenative Bimolecular Friedel-Crafts-type Coupling of Ynamides.

A non-metal approach for accessing α-oxo carbene surrogates for a C-C bond-forming bimolecular coupling between ynamides and nucleophilic arenes was developed. This acid-catalyzed coupling features mild temperature, which is critical for the required temporal chemoselectivity among nucleophiles. The scope of nucleophiles includes indoles, pyrroles, anilines, phenols and silyl enolethers.

An Early Passage Human Isolate of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Shows Acute Neuropathology in Experimentally Infected CD-1 Mice.

Background: Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne Flavivirus that causes a severe illness in humans. Disease spectrum can vary from subclinical infection to fatal cases with hemorrhagic complications. The pathology of KFDV remains incompletely understood.