Long-term efficacy and safety of subcutaneous pasireotide alone or in combination with cabergoline in Cushing's disease.

Objective: This study evaluated short- and long-term efficacy and safety of the second-generation somatostatin receptor ligand pasireotide alone or in combination with dopamine agonist cabergoline in patients with Cushing's disease (CD).

Study Design: This is an open-label, multicenter, non-comparative, Phase II study comprising 35-week core phase and an optional extension phase. All patients started with pasireotide, and cabergoline was added if cortisol remained elevated.

Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec With Dosing Guide App Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Analogues in Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes (ONWARDS 5) : A Randomized Trial.

Background: Inadequate dose titration and poor adherence to basal insulin can lead to suboptimal glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Once-weekly insulin icodec (icodec) is a basal insulin analogue that is in development and is aimed at reducing treatment burden.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of icodec titrated with a dosing guide app (icodec with app) versus once-daily basal insulin analogues (OD analogues) dosed per standard practice.

Association of skin autofluorescence and carotid intima-media thickness in acromegaly patients.

Background: The Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOE) concept was established to provide a multimodal approach with careful management of comorbidities. Acromegaly, one of the main concerns of PTCOE per se, leads to increased mortality rates of which cardiovascular disease is an important cause. Increased skin autofluorescence (SAF) was shown to be associated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a well-established marker of atherosclerosis, and consequently cardiovascular complications.

Vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in men with type 2 diabetes: Effects on Bone Metabolism.

Purpose: There is an increased fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] patients independent of bone mineral density [BMD], both in men and women. Estrogen receptor [ER]-alpha and vitamin D receptor [VDR] gene polymorphisms may predispose patients to increased osteoporosis and fracture risk. This study aims to analyze the relationship of the ER-alpha gene and VDR gene polymorphisms with indicators of bone turnover and BMD in male type 2 diabetic patients.

Morbid obesity leads to increased skin autofluorescence independent of metabolic syndrome components.

Background: Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with increased accumulated skin advanced glycation end products. We aimed to evaluate the association of MetS components with skin autofluorescence (SAF) in patients with morbid obesity.

Methods: Eight hundred and one patients with morbid obesity and 94 age-matched controls with normal body mass index (BMI) and normal glucose metabolism were included.

Capillary microarchitectural changes are independent of disease activity in acromegaly.

Objective: Although atherosclerosis-related macrovascular complications are well known in acromegaly, studies on endothelial function and arteriolar level are contradictory. In order to test the hypothesis, microvascular changes associated with macrovascular changes in acromegaly, we aimed to evaluate microvascular changes in nailfold capillaries and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with acromegaly.

Design: In this cross-sectional observation study, of total 70 patients with acromegaly [ten (14.

Effect of denosumab treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in osteoporotic patients: real-life experience 2-year follow-up.

Unlabelled: Denosumab leads to improvements in BMD levels and is a well-tolerated agent according to results of randomized controlled studies but results in real-life setting are important to evaluate drug adherence and real-life efficiency. In this study, we present the results of 305 patients that were treated with denosumab in our clinic.

Introduction: The long-term efficacy of anti-osteoclastic drugs in treatment of osteoporosis is well known.

When do we need to suspect maturity onset diabetes of the young in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Objective: Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients have clinical heterogeneity as shown by many studies. Thus, often it is misdiagnosed to type 1 or type 2 diabetes(T2DM). The aim of this study is to evaluate MODY mutations in adult T2DM patients suspicious in terms of MODY, and to show clinical and laboratory differences between these two situations.

Skin autofluorescence Is associated With low bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic patients.

Although the risk of bone fracture is increased in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), bone mineral density (BMD) is increased rather than decreased. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) adversely influences the fracture resistance of bone in T2DM. We hypothesized that SAF is also associated with BMD levels in type 2 diabetic patients and aimed to evaluate the association of SAF with BMD and the presence of osteoporosis.

The current situation in the approach to osteoporosis in older adults in Turkey: areas in need of improvement with a model for other populations.

Purpose: The total number of older adults in Turkey is striking, amounting to around 8 million, and this translates into considerably higher numbers of cases of osteoporosis (OP) and fractures in older adults. In this article, we outlined the current situation of OP in older adults in Turkey and investigated the differences between Turkey and a representative developed European country (Belgium), in terms of the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of OP. Our intention in this regard was to identify areas in need of improvement and subsequently to make a clear call for action to address these issues.

Biochemical characteristics and calcium and PTH levels of patients with high normal and elevated serum 25(OH)D levels in Turkey: DeVIT-TOX survey.

Unlabelled: Vitamin D intake over the recommended dose is usually associated with high serum 25(OH)D levels and generally not associated with symptoms of hypercalcemia. High doses of cholecalciferol need to be avoided to protect against vitamin D toxicity and related complications. Strict adherence to the clinical guidelines for treating vitamin D deficiency can ensure safe and effective treatment.

Prevalence of vertebral fractures and serum sclerostin levels in acromegaly.

Objective: An increased prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) has been reported in previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, serum sclerostin levels, and vertebral fractures (VFs) in acromegaly patients. We also evaluated the effects of gonadal status, disease activity, treatment modality, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on skeletal endpoints.

Low bone density, vertebral fracture and FRAX score in kidney transplant recipients: A cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) recipients are at increased risk of low bone density (LBD) and fractures. In this retrospective study, we investigated bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral fractures, calculated risk for major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), and hip fractures in the KT recipients.

Patients-method: Patients who completed at least one year after KT were included in the analysis.

Effects of concomitant obesity and diabetes on the aggressiveness and outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer patients.

Objective: Obesity and diabetes are the risk factors for cancer development including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Contradictory accumulated data indicates the possible negative effects of obesity and hyperglyceamia as a factor for aggressiveness of DTC. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of high body mass index (BMI) and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the histological aggressiveness and clinical outcomes in DTC patients followed for over 4 years in a single center.

Glycemic Control and Prevention of Diabetic Complications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Expert Opinion.

Introduction: Trends on glycemic control and diabetes complications are known for high-income countries, but comprehensive data from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are lacking.

Methods: This is an expert opinion based on two retrospective studies. Here we examine the recent subset analysis of relevant data from the IDMPS Wave 7 (International Diabetes Management-Practices Study, 2015-2016) and the GOAL study conducted in multiple LMICs.

Determinants of High-Dose Insulin Usage and Upper Extremity Muscle Strength in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the association between upper extremity muscle strength and insulin dose in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 236 patients with type 2 diabetes under insulin treatment for at least 1 year were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on their total daily insulin dose (TDID): group 1, TDID >2 U/kg/day or >200 units/day; group 2, TDID 1 to 2 U/kg/day or 51 to 199 U/day; and group 3, TDID <0.

Long-term endocrinological outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery in acromegaly patients.

Unlabelled: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) is a treatment option for recurrent or persistent disease in patients with acromegaly.

Objective: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate acromegaly patients who had undergone GKS in terms of pituitary hormone status, efficacy of GKS, and prognostic factors.

Method: One-hundred and ten acromegaly patients who underwent GKS, and who were referred to our outpatient endocrinology clinic between 2007 and 2017, were included in the study.

Assessment of 1 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Obesity Before Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the prevalence of Cushing's syndrome (CS) in class 3 obese patients before bariatric surgery.

Materials And Methods: The data of 1037 class 3 obese patients admitted to the endocrinology outpatient clinic for endocrinological evaluation before bariatric surgery between 2012 and 2019were reviewed retrospectively. One milligram dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was used for the evaluation of hypercortisolism in all cases and cutoff accepted as 1.

Single Center Experience in the Surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Objectives: As calcium included as a part of routine laboratory screening early diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been increased. Surgical resection of parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia still is the mainstay of the treatment for most PHPT patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the surgical outcomes of patients with PHPT that referred to our ENT department of our University Hospital for the last 6 years.

Practical use of insulin degludec/insulin aspart in a multinational setting: beyond the guidelines.

Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a fixed-ratio co-formulation of insulin degludec, which provides long-lasting basal insulin coverage, and insulin aspart, which targets postprandial glycaemia. This review provides expert opinion on the practical clinical use of IDegAsp, including: dose timings relative to meals, when and how to intensify treatment from once-daily (OD) to twice-daily (BID) dose adjustments, and use in special populations (including hospitalized patients). IDegAsp could be considered as one among the choices for initiating insulin treatment, preferential to starting on basal insulin alone, particularly for people with severe hyperglycaemia and/or when postprandial hyperglycaemia is a major concern.

Seven cases of parathyroid carcinoma and review of the literature.

Parathyroid cancer is a rare malignancy and an uncommon cause of hyperparathyroidism. In the present study, we present seven cases of parathyroid carcinoma. The female ratio was 5/7 (71.

Preoperative plasmapheresis experience in Graves' disease patients with anti-thyroid drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is a rare but serious side effect of antithyroid drug (ATI) therapy in Graves' disease patients. Cessation of ATI drug is needed in most of the patients if liver enzymes highly elevated or in case of agranulocytosis. Permanent therapy, surgery or radioactive iodine ablation are the treatment choices to ensure euthyroidism in active Graves' disease patients.