Toxic metals in breast milk samples from Ankara, Turkey: assessment of lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic levels.

Toxic metals are one of the significant groups of chemical contaminants that humans are exposed to by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Exposure to these chemicals begins with intrauterine life and continues during lactation period at the first years of life. Breastfeeding has a much more special place than other nutrition options for infants.

Food effect on bioavailability of modified-release trimetazidine tablets.

This study aimed to investigate a food effect on the bio-availability of modified-release (MR) trimetazidine tablets in 36 healthy volunteers. Trimetazidine, an anti-ischemic drug, protects the myocardial cell from the harmful effects of ischemia. The authors investigated the effect of being under a fasting or fed state at the time of drug intake on the bioavailability of trimetazidine 35-mg MR tablets in a randomized, open-label, crossover, 2-arm, 4-period, 2-sequence bioequivalence study design with a 14-day washout period.

Design and synthesis of some (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-N-substituted ethyl propanamide derivatives as potent non-ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

The carboxylic acid group of the anti-inflammatory drug, (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanoic acid, naproxen (CAS 22204-53-1) was reacted with the substituted ethylamine derivatives to form (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-N-substituted ethyl propanamides by using N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the compounds were assessed in vivo by carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and p-benzoquinone induced abdominal contraction tests in mice, respectively. In addition, the ulcerogenic properties of the new compounds were evaluated, and compared to that of naproxen.

The effect of hydroxy metabolites of clarithromycin to the pharmacokinetic parameters, and determination of hydroxy metabolites ratio of clarithromycin.

Clarithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent which is effective both in vitro and in vivo against the major pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections. Clarithromycin's principal metabolite is 14-(R) hydroxyclarithromycin (14-OH-clarithromycin). The other metabolite, namely 14-(S) hydroxyclarithromycin is inactive.

Clinical study on the bioequivalence of two tablet formulations of flurbiprofen.

Flurbiprofen (CAS 5104-49-4) is a member of phenylalkanoic acid derivative group of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Two different tablets containing flurbiprofen (FLU) were investigated in 24 healthy volunteers to prove the bioequivalence between both treatments after single oral dose administrations.

The effect of hydroxy metabolites of clarithromycin to the pharmacokinetic parameters, and determination of hydroxy metabolites ratio of clarithromycin.

Clarithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent which is effective both in vitro and in vivo against the major pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections. Clarithromycin's principal metabolite is 14-(R) hydroxyclarithromycin (14-OH-clarithromycin). The other metabolite, namely 14-(S) hydroxyclarithromycin is inactive.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of new 5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(aroylmethyl) thio-1,3,4-oxadiaxoles.

Several 5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(aroylmethyl)thio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. All compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by determining their ability to provide protection against carregeenan-induced edema in rat paw. In addition, ulcerogenic activity was determined.

Synthesis and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities of 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives.

Ten new 1-thiocarbamoyl-3-(phenyl and/or 4-substituted phenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl and/or 2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by reacting 1,3-diphenylpropen-1-ones and thiosemicarbazide. The chemical structures of the compounds were verified by means of their IR, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS spectroscopic data and elementary analyses. All the compounds were investigated for their ability to selectively inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) by in-vitro tests.

Synthesis and biological activities of some thiazolidin-4-ones.

In this study, fifteen 2,3-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff bases and alpha-mercaptoacetic acid. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectral data and elementary analysis. The antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities of the compounds were determined by tests performed on isolated guinea pig trachea in comparison with aminophylline (CAS 317-34-0).

New analgesic and antiinflammatory agents 4(1H)-pyridinone derivatives.

A series of 1,2,5-trisubstituted 4(1H)-pyridinone derivatives (7-14) were synthesised by using 4-pyrone derivatives with primary amines in ethanol. The structures of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data (UV, IR and 1H-NMR and microanalysis). Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the synthesised compounds were investigated by acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome and carrageenan rat paw edema tests.