Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on hormones regulating appetite in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on appetite-regulating hormones including leptin, ghrelin, insulin, gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant research on appetite-regulating hormones during Ramadan intermittent fasting, published until the end of March 2024.

Results: Data from 16 eligible studies comprising 664 participants (341, 51.

Elective peri-operative management of adults taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a multidisciplinary consensus statement: A consensus statement from the Association of Anaesthetists, Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society, Centre for Perioperative Care, Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care, Royal College of Anaesthetists, Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia and UK Clinical Pharmacy Association.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are used increasingly in patients receiving peri-operative care. These drugs may be associated with risks of peri-operative pulmonary aspiration or euglycaemic ketoacidosis. We produced a consensus statement for the peri-operative management of adults taking these drugs.

Correlation between Altmetric Attention Scores and citation scores across the high impact-factor journals each in Medicine, Surgery, and Anaesthesia.

Background: Citation scores (CS) are traditionally used to measure the impact of scientific publications. Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS), in contrast, consider the digital dissemination of articles across social media platforms to track their audience reach. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the correlation between AAS and CS in 12 high-impact-factor journals in the category of 'Clinical Medicine'.

A critical approach to research on perioperative pain management.

Optimal postoperative pain management is a prerequisite for enhancing functional recovery after surgery. However, many studies assessing analgesic interventions have limitations. Consequently, further improvements in study design are urgently needed.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the perioperative period: current controversies and concerns.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-specific inhibitors provide significant analgesic and opioid-sparing benefits. However, these analgesics are commonly avoided owing to concerns of potential adverse effects. The evidence for NSAID-related adverse effects is conflicting and of poor quality, and these analgesics are safer than what has been implied.

Peri-operative pain management in adults: a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the Association of Anaesthetists and the British Pain Society.

Background: Nearly half of adult patients undergoing surgery experience moderate or severe postoperative pain. Inadequate pain management hampers postoperative recovery and function and may be associated with adverse outcomes. This multidisciplinary consensus statement provides principles that might aid postoperative recovery, and which should be applied throughout the entire peri-operative pathway by healthcare professionals, institutions and patients.

Intra- and interindividual variability in fasted gastric content volume.

Background: Gastric fluid plays a key role in food digestion and drug dissolution, therefore, the amount of gastric fluid present in a fasted state may influence subsequent digestion and drug delivery. We aimed to describe intra- and interindividual variation in fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) and to determine the association with age, sex, and body size characteristics.

Methods: Data from 24 MRI studies measuring FGCV in healthy, mostly young individuals after an overnight fast were pooled.

Challenges in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) research.

Despite the general agreement that implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways decrease hospital length of stay, a continuous challenge that has often been neglected is a procedure- and patient-specific approach. For example, asking 'Why is the patient still in hospital?' is the original premise for ERAS. Outcomes improve with increased compliance with recommended elements, but overcomplication of pathways can lead to cherry picking of elements that are convenient, resulting in 'partial ERAS'.

An unusual variant of type I common bile duct duplication associated with ampullary carcinoma.

Common bile duct duplications represent exceptionally rare congenital anomalies of the biliary tract. In this case report we document an unusual variant of common bile duct duplication in a 79-year-old man who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer. The duplication consisted of two unseparated, completely-layered, common bile ducts which originated above the cystic duct junction and terminated prior to the point of insertion into the pancreas, where the two lumens converged into a single duct.

Presentation and publication skills: How to prepare a scientific poster.

A good scientific poster should capture the interest and imagination of the viewer and the overall aim should be to make the target audience want to know more about the topic. A well prepared poster will speak for itself and significantly aid the presenter in sharing the findings of their work. It can often lead to new and exciting collaborative opportunities.

A comparison of the top 500 papers in Clinical Nutrition ranked by citation and Altmetric Attention Scores.

Background And Aims: Citation scores (CS) have been traditionally used to measure the impact of scientific publications. Sourced from the Internet, Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS) are complementary metrics that assess how often publications are discussed and used globally. We compared by rank the top 500 papers by CS and AAS published in Clinical Nutrition with corresponding AAS and CS.

Immunohistochemical inflammation in histologically normal gallbladders containing gallstones.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish features of inflammation in histologically normal gallbladders with gallstones and compare the expression of inflammatory markers in acutely and chronically inflamed gallbladders.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gallbladders for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2R, and substance p in three groups: Group I (n = 60) chronic cholecystitis, Group II (n = 57) acute cholecystitis and Group III (n = 45) histologically normal gallbladders with gallstones. Expression was quantified using the H-scoring system.

The effect of diabetes mellitus on perioperative outcomes after colorectal resection: a national cohort study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant modulator of postoperative outcomes and is an important risk factor in the patient selection process. We aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus and use of insulin on outcomes after colorectal resection using a national cohort.

Methods: Adults with a recorded colorectal resection in England between 2010 and 2020 were identified from Hospital Episode Statistics data linked to the Clinical Practice Research Database.

Exploring the need for reconsideration of trial design in perioperative outcomes research: a narrative review.

Unlabelled: "Enhanced recovery after surgery" is a multimodal effort to control perioperative pathophysiology and improve outcome. However, despite advances in perioperative care, postoperative complications and the need for hospitalisation and prolonged recovery continue to be challenging. This is further complicated by procedure-specific and patient-associated risk factors, given the increase in the number of elderly and frail patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing surgery.

The clinical significance of hypoalbuminaemia.

Albumin is a relatively small molecule with a radius of 7.5 nm and a molecular weight of 65 kDa. It is the most abundant protein in plasma, accounting for 60-75% of its oncotic pressure.