Quantification of excess Carbon-14 specific activity in terrestrial biota in the off-site locations of the PHWR nuclear power plant at Kaiga, India.

This is the first detailed study on C activity in the environment surrounding a nuclear facility in India. Samples of food matrices and wild plants from the off-site locations of the PHWR nuclear power plant (NPP) at Kaiga were analysed by liquid scintillation spectrometry, results were validated by accelerator mass spectrometry, and an extensive database (N = 142) was established. The stable isotope ratio of carbon (δC) in terrestrial plants varied from -33.

Carbon-14 emission from the pressurized heavy water reactor nuclear power plant at Kaiga, India.

This is a detailed study on oxide (CO) and reduced (hydrocarbons, CH) forms of C releases through gaseous effluents from the Kaiga nuclear power plant (NPP), on the West Coast of India, where 4 × 220 MW(e) pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) are operating. The gaseous effluent from the common stack of reactor units 3 and 4 (each of 220 MW(e)) was sampled from 2017 to 2020 for C activity monitoring and analysed for C activity by liquid scintillation counting. The normalized release rate corresponding to the four-year monitoring period had a geometric mean value of 0.

NE-OBT and TFWT activity concentrations in wild plants in the vicinity of the PHWR nuclear power plant and control regions of the tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent.

The results of the first detailed study, involving a large number of samples, on water equivalent factor (WEQ), non-exchangeable organically bound tritium (NE-OBT) and tissue free water tritium (TFWT) activity concentrations in predominant plant species of the tropical monsoonal climatic region, are presented. A total of 369 samples from the vicinity of the PHWR nuclear power plant (NPP) at Kaiga, West Coast of India, and 47 samples of the control region (region not affected by local anthropogenic sources) were analysed. The WEQ varied in the range of 0.

Generalized curved beam back-projection method for near-infrared imaging using banana function.

Near-infrared imaging (NIRI) is a sub-surface imaging that makes a trade-off in recovery accuracy with depth of penetration. On the other hand, diffuse optical tomography (DOT) images tissue up to several centimeters. However, DOT reconstruction has a stability issue due to the inverse problem.

Estimation of air-to-grass mass interception factors for iodine.

Air-to-grass mass interception factors for radionuclide are important basic input parameter for the estimation of radiation dose to the public around a nuclear power plant. In this paper, we present the determination of air-to- grass mass interception factors for iodine using a 2 m × 2 m × 2 m (l × b × h) size environmental chamber. The temperature, humidity, and rainfall inside the environmental chamber was controlled to required values to simulate different environmental conditions.

Studies on soil to grass transfer factor (Fv) and grass to milk transfer coefficient (Fm) for cesium in Kaiga region.

Detailed studies were carried out to establish site-specific soil to grass transfer factors (Fv) and grass to cow milk transfer coefficients (Fm) for radioactive cesium ((137)Cs) and stable cesium (Cs) for Kaiga region, where a nuclear power station has been in operation for more than 10 years. The study included adopted cows, cows of local farmers, and cows from the dairy farm. A grass field was developed specifically for the study and 2 local breed cows were adopted and allowed to graze in this grass field.

Evaluation of internal dose to members of the public at the Kaiga site, India, due to the ingestion of primordial radionuclide 40K.

Four 220 MWe pressurised heavy water reactors are under operation at Kaiga in the state of Karnataka in India. Environmental radiological survey of the surrounding areas of the Kaiga site is carried out by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. The estimated dose to the members of the public due to ingestion of radioactive isotope of potassium, a natural radionuclide, in the surroundings of the Kaiga site is 136 μSv (13.

Soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr at Kaiga region, India.

Transfer factors are the most important parameters required for mathematical modeling used for environmental impact assessment of radioactive contamination in the environment. In this paper soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr is estimated for Kaiga region in Karnataka state, India. Among the plants in which study is carried out, ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr activity in leaves of herbaceous plants is higher than that of tree leaves.

Transfer coefficient of 137Cs from feed to cow milk in tropical region Kaiga, India.

In the transport model for the prediction of the concentration of (137)Cs in milk, the transfer coefficient from feed to milk, F(m), is an important parameter. Site-specific transfer coefficient from feed to cow's milk, for (137)Cs in the Kaiga environment, a nuclear power station site in India, determined over a period of 10 y is presented in this paper. The value is determined from (137)Cs concentration in milk and grass samples of the Kaiga region and the result ranged from 6.

Environmental transportation of tritium and estimation of site-specific model parameters for Kaiga site, India.

Tritium content in air moisture, soil water, rain water and plant water samples collected around the Kaiga site, India was estimated and the scavenging ratio, wet deposition velocity and ratio of specific activities of tritium between soil water and air moisture were calculated and the results are interpreted. Scavenging ratio was found to vary from 0.06 to 1.