Intimately tracking NO pollution over the New York City - Long Island Sound land-water continuum: An integration of shipboard, airborne, satellite observations, and models.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO) pollution remains a serious global problem, particularly near highly populated urbanized coasts that face increasing challenges with climate change. Yet, the combined impact of urban emissions, pollution transport, and complex meteorology on the spatiotemporal dynamics of NO along heterogeneous urban coastlines remains poorly characterized. Here, we integrated measurements from different platforms - boats, ground-based networks, aircraft, and satellites - to characterize total column NO (TCNO) dynamics across the land-water continuum in the New York metropolitan area, the most populous area in the United States that often experiences the highest national NO levels.