Purcell gain equalized zero-mode waveguide.

We refresh the design of zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) by introducing metamaterials that makes the zeroth order resonant mode existence. Of particular importance, the resulting electromagnetic field exhibits nearly constant distribution but not a trivial solution of Maxwell's equation, showing great advantage to equalize the excitation rate of molecules throughout the waveguides. A closed form expression for the wave impedance is derived which is verified by the finite-difference time-domain simulations.

A review on the role of pH-sensitive natural pigments in biopolymers based intelligent food packaging films.

As food packaging evolves, consumer interests are shifting from traditional to intelligent food packaging systems. Intelligent packaging includes active components that display changes in a visual or interactive form perceivable by consumers. This offers real-time monitoring of the quality and shelf life of the packaged food and enhances transparency.

Indolo[3,2-]carbazoles as Engineered Materials for Optoelectronic Applications: Synthesis, Structural Insights, and Computational Screening.

The biological and medicinal importance of indolocarbazoles has been known for the past several decades. However, in recent times, these compounds have been emerging as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications, although several challenges are associated with their synthesis. We report here a Pd(II)-catalyzed process for the synthesis of indolo[3,2-]carbazoles.

Study of conduction mechanisms of InSeSb nano-chalcogenide alloys.

The electrical conduction mechanisms for bulk samples of InSeSb(= 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.

Self-assembled molecular network with waterwheel-like architecture: experimental and theoretical evaluation toward electron transport capabilities for optoelectronic devices.

In recent times, self-assembled electron transport materials for optoelectronic devices, both solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), have been gaining much interest as they help in fabricating high-efficiency devices. However, designing organic small molecular materials with star-shaped self-assembled networks is a challenge. To achieve this sort of target, we chose triazine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl cores for developing such architecture, and we developed four molecular systems, TCpCN, TCmCN, TmCN, and TpCN.

The Significance of Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers.

This present study aimed to assess the predictive significance of two systemic inflammatory markers, the neutrophilic to lymphocytic ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocytic ratio (PLR), in evaluating the prognosis of individuals. The research involved 47 patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, all of whom were histo-pathologically confirmed and aged over 18 years. The patients were monitored every 6 months for a period of 18 months.

Sterically Crowded Donor-Rich Imidazole Systems as Hole Transport Materials for Solution-Processed OLEDs.

Imidazole, being an interesting dinitrogenic five-membered heterocyclic core, has been widely explored during the last several decades for developing various fascinating materials. Among the different domains where imidazole-based materials find wide applications, the area of optoelectronics has seen an overwhelming growth of functional imidazole derivatives developed through remarkable design and synthesis strategies. The present work reports a design approach for integrating bulky donor units at the four terminals of an imidazole core, leading to the development of sterically populated imidazole-based molecular platforms with interesting structural features.

Overview of imidazole-based fluorescent materials with hybridized local and charge transfer and hot-exciton pathway characteristics in excited states.

Herein, we discuss an imidazole-based molecular framework, which can successfully transform triplet excitons present in high triplet levels into singlet states. We explain the working mechanisms of different methods for collecting triplet excitons, including hot excitons or HLCT states. After the development of an hot exciton material by Ma and Yang, many studies have demonstrated that the organic conjugated molecules having imidazole core have possibilities to show high efficiencies hot exciton pathways.

In Search of Hosts for Blue OLEDs: Computational Design and Experimental Validation.

Considering the difficulties associated with the conventional 'trial and error' method for a complete analysis of a giant molecular space, we took the aid of computational pathway (DFT) in screening a large space search of 780 (12×13×5) molecules to search for a host for the blue emitter. The selection process was completed in three Tiers with the conditions of highest theoretical triplet energy (>2.81 eV), aligned HOMO/LUMO levels w.

A Review on Spike and Recovery Method in Analytical Method Development and Validation.

In multidisciplinary science, Analytical approaches based on spike and recovery (SAR) play a substantial role in analytical testing. The spike and recovery method is an important technique for analyzing and accessing the accuracy of analytical methods. The goal of this review seeks to provide clarity on the role of SAR methods in the forensic science discipline.

0.342 nW Class-AB enhanced flipped source follower low pass filter for biomedical applications.

Owing to the impact of process voltage and temperature variations, the design of low-power low-pass filters (LPFs) with improved linearity is still one of the most challenging tasks for effective biological signal processing. This paper presents the design of a fourth-order Class-AB enhanced flipped source follower (EFSF) LPF circuit aimed at the detection of electroencephalography signals. The simulated results attained using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 180 nm technology node in Cadence Analog Design Environment demonstrate that the EFSF LPF emulates a DC-gain of -88 mdB with a bandwidth of 100 Hz and consumes 0.

Improvement of interfacial contact for efficient PCBM/MAPbIplanar heterojunction solar cells with a binary antisolvent mixture treatment.

Atomic-force microscopic images, x-ray diffraction patterns, Urbach energies and photoluminescence quenching experiments show that the interfacial contact quality between the hydrophobic [6,6]-phenyl-C-buttric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin film and hydrophilic CHNHPbI(MAPbI) thin film can be effectively improved by using a binary antisolvent mixture (toluene:dichloromethane or chlorobenzene:dichloromethane) in the anti-solvent mixture-mediated nucleation process, which increases the averaged power conversion efficiency of the resultant PEDOT:PSS (P3CT-Na) thin film based MAPbIsolar cells from 13.18% (18.52%) to 13.

Functional Pyrene-Pyridine-Integrated Hole-Transporting Materials for Solution-Processed OLEDs with Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off.

A series of new functional pyridine-appended pyrene derivatives, viz., 2,6-diphenyl-4-(pyren-1-yl)pyridine (), 2,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(pyren-1-yl)pyridine (), 4-(pyren-1-yl)-2,6-di--tolylpyridine (), and 2,6-bis(4-bromophenyl)-4-(pyren-1-yl)pyridine () were designed, developed, and studied as the hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) application. The crystal structures of two molecules revealed to have a large dihedral angle between the pyrene and pyridine units, indicating poor π-electronic communication between them due to ineffective orbital overlap across the pyrene-pyridine systems as the two p-orbitals of pivotal atoms are twisted at 66.

High-Throughput Virtual Screening of Host Materials and Rational Device Engineering for Highly Efficient Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

The appropriate choice of host and electron-transporting material (ETM) plays a very crucial role in the generation and collection of radiative excitons in the desired recombination zone of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Due to the sustainable development of material organic chemistry, there is a big library of functional materials that leads to uncountable combinations of device structures, which might achieve a desirable high device performance. However, there is no appropriate methodology available for the fast virtual screening of organic materials and designing a suitable device structure.

Efficiency improvement of P3CT-Na based MAPbIsolar cells with a simple wetting process.

The averaged power conversion efficiency of polyelectrolytes (P3CT-Na) based MAPbIsolar cells can be increased from 14.94% to 17.46% with a wetting method before the spin-coating process of MAPbIprecursor solutions.

The Way to Pursue Truly High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction solar cells was theoretically predicted to be limited by the Shockley-Queisser limit due to the intrinsic potential loss of the photo-excited electrons in the light absorbing materials. Up to now, the optimized GaAs solar cell has the highest PCE of 29.1%, which is close to the theoretical limit of ~33%.