[The effectiveness of compulsory treatment for substance use disorder].

Background: In a minority of patients with substance use disorders, there is both unwillingness to treat and serious harm or damage to the patient or society. In these situations, compulsory treatment may be considered. However, it is unclear whether compulsory care is effective in reduction of substance use.

Intra-Individual Comparison of Sinus and Ectopic Beats Probing the Ventricular Gradient's Activation Dependence.

Wilson assumed that the ventricular gradient (VG) is independent of the ventricular activation order. This paradigm has often been refuted and was never convincingly corroborated. We sought to validate Wilson's concept by intra-individual comparison of the VG of sinus beats and ectopic beats, thus assessing the effects of both altered ventricular conduction (caused by the ectopic focus) and restitution (caused by ectopic prematurity).

Detection of (Yamada, 1921), Netherlands, June 2019.

In June 2019, a single specimen collected at a used tyre company was identified as (Yamada, 1921), a sibling species of . has not been recorded outside Japan and South Korea. Although it has only shown dengue virus vector competence under laboratory conditions, its detection demonstrates the value of active surveillance at risk locations and molecular tools for timely intervention against exotic mosquitoes with potential future public health impact.

The Effectiveness of Asian Bush Mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus) Control Actions in Colonised Peri-urban Areas in the Netherlands.

The Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald)) is an invasive mosquito species in Europe. In 2012, it was for the first time detected in the Netherlands, in the municipality of Lelystad. After further research, thousands of specimens were found in the surrounding peri-urban areas of the city.

The first detected airline introductions of yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to Europe, at Schiphol International airport, the Netherlands.

Background: Air-borne introduction of exotic mosquitoes to Schiphol airport in the Netherlands has been considered plausible based upon findings of mosquitoes in aircraft cabins during 2008, 2010 and 2011. Beginning in 2013, surveillance efforts at Schiphol had focused on promptly detecting accidental introductions at the airport facilities in order to quickly react and avoid temporary proliferation or establishment of mosquito populations, identify the origin of the introductions, and avoid potential transmission of vector-borne diseases.

Methods: BG-Mosquitaire mosquito traps were set at the most likely locations for arrival of the invasive Aedes mosquitoes as part of the mosquito monitoring program at Schiphol airport.

National Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Survey in The Netherlands 2010-2013.

From 2010 onwards, a nationwide mosquito monitoring scheme has been conducted in The Netherlands with the aim of gaining crucial information about mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species composition, geographical distributions, biodiversity, and habitat preferences. The results of this study are based on 778 randomly sampled mosquito locations. These are divided into three main habitat types: urban, rural-agricultural, and natural areas.

A functional approach to cerebral visual impairments in very preterm/very-low-birth-weight children.

Background: Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a major cause of visual impairment, with very preterm birth/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) being a major risk factor. There is no generally accepted definition of CVI. This study aims to investigate the usefulness of an empirically-based functional definition of CVI.

Visual search and attention in five-year-old very preterm/very low birth weight children.

Introduction: This study aimed to establish visual search performance and attention functioning in very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) children using novel and well established measures, and to study their contribution to intellectual functioning.

Methods: Visual search and attention network efficiency were assessed in 108 VP/VLBW children and 72 age matched term controls at 5.5 years corrected age.

The Mondrian matrix: Culicoides biting midge abundance and seasonal incidence during the 2006-2008 epidemic of bluetongue in the Netherlands.

During the northern Europe epidemic of bluetongue (BT), Onderstepoort-type blacklight traps were used to capture Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges weekly between November 2006 and December 2008 on 21 livestock farms in the Netherlands. Proven and potential vectors for the bluetongue virus (BTV) comprised almost 80% of the midges collected: the Obsoletus complex, constituting C. obsoletus (Meigen) and C.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes imported into the Netherlands, 2010.

During summer 2010, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were discovered in the Netherlands. Using genetic markers, we tracked the origin of these mosquitoes to a tire shipment from Miami, Florida, USA. Surveillance of tire exports from the United States should be included as part of a comprehensive surveillance system.

The role of extracerebral cholesterol homeostasis and ApoE e4 in cognitive decline.

We examined the associations between extracerebral markers of cholesterol homeostasis and cognitive decline over 6 years of follow-up, and studied the modifying effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4. Data were collected in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 967, with longitudinal data on cognition, ages ≥ 65 years) and analyzed using linear mixed models. General cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE), memory (Auditory Verbal Learning Test), and information processing speed (Coding task) were measured.

Introduction and control of three invasive mosquito species in the Netherlands, July-October 2010.

In July 2010, during routine mosquito surveillance inspections at companies that import used tires, three invasive species were found at five locations in the Netherlands: the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), the Asian tiger mosquito (Ae. albopictus), and the American rock-pool mosquito (Ae. atropalpus).

Role of lipoproteins and inflammation in cognitive decline: do they interact?

The aim of this study was to examine the associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and cognition and focus on the modifying effect of inflammation. Data were collected in the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and analyzed with mixed linear models. The sample comprised 1003 persons ≥ 65 years with cognitive data on at least 2 occasions over 6 years of follow-up.

Classification models for early identification of persons at risk for dementia in primary care: an evaluation in a sample aged 80 years and older.

Aim: To evaluate previously developed classification models to make implementation in primary care possible and aid early identification of persons at risk for dementia.

Methods: Data were drawn from the OCTO-Twin study. At baseline, 521 persons >or= 80 years of age were nondemented, and for 387 a blood sample was available.

First report of a North American invasive mosquito species Ochlerotatus atropalpus (Coquillett) in the Netherlands, 2009.

In late August and early September 2009, numerous larvae, pupae, and actively flying adult specimens of Ochlerotatus atropalpus were discovered in the Province of Brabant, southern Netherlands, during surveillance activities for Aedes albopictus at two trading companies that import used tires. No Ae. albopictus were found.

Late-life depression, cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome.

Objectives: High-cortisol levels in depressed persons could possibly give rise to the metabolic syndrome. This study investigated cross-sectionally whether depression and high-cortisol levels increased the odds of metabolic syndrome in an older community-based sample.

Methods: In 1,212 participants, aged > or =65 years, enrolled in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, depression (major [1-month diagnosis] or subthreshold [no 1-month diagnosis, but symptoms]), metabolic syndrome (modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria), and free cortisol index (total serum cortisol/cortisol binding globulin) were assessed.

Homocysteine and inflammation: predictors of cognitive decline in older persons?

The aim of the current study was to examine the association between homocysteine and 6-year cognitive decline, and the modifying role of the inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). Data were collected within the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (ages >or=65 years) and analyzed using multiple longitudinal regression models (N=1257 of whom N=1076 had longitudinal data). Cognition was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (general cognition), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (memory), Coding Task (information processing speed) and Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices (fluid intelligence).

[Stroke patients in need of long-term nursing home care. Who are they? What are their problems? Which care do they receive?].

Background And Objective: Many patients who suffer from an acute stroke, will need long-term nursing home care. We are poorly informed about the demographic and clinical characteristics and about the care problems and received care of these patients. This study aims to provide a first description of these characteristics in this group of patients.

Development of classification models for early identification of persons at risk for persistent cognitive decline.

Objective: To develop two classification models for use in primary care to aid early identification of persons at risk for persistent cognitive decline.

Methods: Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), an ongoing populationbased study. The study sample consisted of 2,021 non-demented men and women aged 58-88 years.

Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults.

Context: Depression has incidentally been related to altered levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH), but this relation has never been studied systematically.

Objective: To determine in a large population-based cohort whether there is an association between depression and altered 25(OH)D and PTH levels.

Design: Population-based cohort study (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam).

Distribution of APOE genotypes in a memory clinic cohort.

Aim: To describe the distribution of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes in a cohort of memory clinic patients.

Methods: We included 749 memory clinic patients. Diagnoses were made in a multidisciplinary consensus meeting and the APOE genotype was determined.

Inflammatory markers in AD and MCI patients with different biomarker profiles.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the involvement of the inflammatory proteins IL-6, ACT and CRP early in the pathology process of AD in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.

Methods: IL-6, ACT, CRP, Abeta42, phospho-tau (p-tau) and total tau concentrations in serum and CSF of 145 patients with probable AD and 67 patients with MCI were measured by sandwich ELISA. MCI patients were characterized as high- respectively low-risk MCI according to their Abeta42/tau risk profile.

Somatic chronic diseases and 6-year change in cognitive functioning among older persons.

The influence of seven highly prevalent somatic chronic diseases on changes in cognitive functioning is investigated in older persons in a prospective design covering a 6-year follow-up period. The data were collected as part of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The associations between chronic diseases and cognitive functioning during 6 years of follow-up were analyzed among 1358 respondents (age 62-85) using generalized estimated equations (GEE).