Cardiac biogenic amine profile and its relationship with parameters of cardiovascular disease in obesity.

Aims: To identify the cardiac biogenic amine profile of obese rats and associate these compounds with parameters of cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods: Wistar rats (n = 20) were randomly distributed into two groups: control and obese. Obesity was induced by a high-sugar fat diet.

Cardiac dysfunction in sucrose-fed rats is associated with alterations of phospholamban phosphorylation and TNF-α levels.

Introduction: High sucrose intake is linked to cardiovascular disease, a major global cause of mortality worldwide. Calcium mishandling and inflammation play crucial roles in cardiac disease pathophysiology.

Objective: Evaluate if sucrose-induced obesity is related to deterioration of myocardial function due to alterations in the calcium-handling proteins in association with proinflammatory cytokines.

The influence of dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function and metabolomics in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors have displayed beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. As most clinical trials were performed in Type 2 DM, their effects in Type 1 DM have not been established.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of long-term treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function, energy metabolism, and metabolomics in rats with Type 1 DM.

Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Calcium Handling and Cardiac Function in Rats with Heart Failure Resulting from Aortic Stenosis.

Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been used to manage heart disease. AET may totally or partially restore the activity and/or expression of proteins that regulate calcium (Ca) handling, optimize intracellular Ca flow, and attenuate cardiac functional impairment in failing hearts. However, the literature presents conflicting data regarding the effects of AET on Ca transit and cardiac function in rats with heart failure resulting from aortic stenosis (AoS).

Effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function and gene expression of NADPH oxidases in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure.

We evaluated the influence of aerobic physical exercise (EX) on gene-encoding proteins associated with oxidative stress in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure (HF). Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Control sedentary (C); Control exercise (C-Ex); Sedentary aortic stenosis (AS); Aortic stenosis exercise (AS-Ex). Exercised rats trained 5 times a week for 10 weeks on a treadmill.

Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibition on Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, a Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Clinical trials have shown that sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. As most studies were performed in Type 2 DM, the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibition still require clarification in Type 1 DM. We analyzed the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, an experimental model of Type 1 DM.

The Dysfunctional Scenario of the Major Components Responsible for Myocardial Calcium Balance in Heart Failure Induced by Aortic Stenosis.

Background: Maladaptive cardiac remodelling is characterized by diastolic and systolic dysfunction, culminating in heart failure. In this context, the dysfunctional scenario of cardiac calcium (Ca2+) handling has been poorly studied. An experimental model of aortic stenosis has been extensively used to improve knowledge about the key mechanisms of cardiac pathologic remodelling.

High-intensity interval training attenuates the effects caused by arterial hypertension in the ventral prostate.

Background: The prostatic effects induced by arterial hypertension is very controversial and its mechanism is unclear. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise considered to be hypotensive. The objective of this work was to investigate the molecular, biochemical, and morphological effects of 8 weeks of HIIT in the prostatic tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran preserves cardiac function by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and redox state in the myocardium from obese rats.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice bran (RB) supplementation to a high-sugar fat (HSF) diet on cardiac dysfunction in an experimental obesity model.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control, high-sugar fat, and high-sugar fat supplemented with 11% RB for 20 weeks.

Results: HSF diet promoted obesity and metabolic complications.

Relationship between Innate Immune Response Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) and the Pathophysiological Process of Obesity Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammation condition related to cardiac disorders. However, the mechanism responsible for obesity-related cardiac inflammation is unclear. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) belongs to a receptor of the transmembrane family responsible for the immune response whose activation stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Aerobic Exercise During Advance Stage of Uncontrolled Arterial Hypertension.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of physical training on myocardial function, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), at advanced stage of arterial hypertension, which precedes heart failure development.

Methods: We studied four experimental groups: normotensive Wistar rats (W, = 27), trained W (W-EX, = 31), SHR ( = 27), and exercised SHR (SHR-EX, = 32). At 13 months old, the exercise groups underwent treadmill exercise 5 days a week for 4 months.

The effects of two types of Western diet on the induction of metabolic syndrome and cardiac remodeling in obese rats.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) include obesity as a critical feature and is strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insights into mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these clinical manifestations are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, Western diets (WD) have been widely employed in diet-induced obesity (DIO) model.

Tomato-Oleoresin Anti-Inflammatory Effect Recovers Obesity-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Modulating Myocardial Calcium Handling.

Background/aims: Considering the importance of inflammation on obesity-related disorders pathogenesis, including cardiac dysfunction, the interest in natural anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies has emerged. The lycopene is a carotenoid presents in tomato and red fruits that displays anti-inflammatory properties. In this sense, we will evaluate the anti-inflamma-
tory effect of tomato-oleoresin supplementation on obesity- related cardiac dysfunction by modulating myocardial calcium kinetic.

Cardioprotection Generated by Aerobic Exercise Training is Not Related to the Proliferation of Cardiomyocytes and Angiotensin-(1-7) Levels in the Hearts of Rats with Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis.

Background/aims: The beneficial effect of aerobic exercise training (ET) on cardiac remodeling caused by supravalvar aortic stenosis (AS) has been demonstrated in experimental studies; however, the mechanisms responsible for improving cardiac function are not entirely understood. We evaluated whether ET-generated cardioprotection in pressure-overloaded rats is dependent on cardiomyocyte proliferation, increased angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-1-7) levels, and its receptor in the myocardium.

Methods: Eighteen weeks after ascending AS surgery, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sedentary control (C-Sed), exercised control (C-Ex), sedentary aortic stenosis (AS-Sed) and exercised aortic stenosis (AS-Ex) groups.

Adjustments in β-Adrenergic Signaling Contribute to the Amelioration of Cardiac Dysfunction by Exercise Training in Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis.

Background/aims: Aortic stenosis-induced chronic pressure overload leads to cardiac dysfunction and congestive heart failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the myocardial impairment are multifactorial and include maladaptive β-adrenergic signaling. Exercise training (ET) has been used as a non-pharmacological therapy for heart failure management.

AT1Receptor Blockade Improves Myocardial Functional Performance in Obesity.

Background Obesity has been associated with chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and with significant changes in cardiac performance. Objective To assess the impact of a blockade of angiotensin-II receptor type 1 (AT1receptor) on morphology and on myocardial functional performance in rats with high-fat diet- induced obesity. Methods Wistar rats (n=48) were submitted to control (2.

Decreased Collagen Type I is Associated with Increased Metalloproteinase-2 Activity and Protein Expression of Leptin in the Myocardium of Obese Rats.

Background Obesity is a risk factor for medical complications, including the cardiovascular system. There is limited information on collagen in the heart in obesity. Our previous study showed decreased protein levels of myocardial collagen type I in obese rats fed a high-fat diet for 34 weeks.

Landscape of heart proteome changes in a diet-induced obesity model.

Obesity is a pandemic associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Proteomics may provide a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Thus, our study evaluated myocardial protein expression in healthy and obese rats, employing two proteomic approaches.

Protective Effect of Tomato-Oleoresin Supplementation on Oxidative Injury Recoveries Cardiac Function by Improving β-Adrenergic Response in a Diet-Obesity Induced Model.

The system redox imbalance is one of the pathways related to obesity-related cardiac dysfunction. Lycopene is considered one of the best antioxidants. The aim of this study was to test if the tomato-oleoresin would be able to recovery cardiac function by improving β-adrenergic response due its antioxidant effect.

Myocardial Dysfunction after Severe Food Restriction Is Linked to Changes in the Calcium-Handling Properties in Rats.

Severe food restriction (FR) impairs cardiac performance, although the causative mechanisms remain elusive. Since proteins associated with calcium handling may contribute to cardiac dysfunction, this study aimed to evaluate whether severe FR results in alterations in the expression and activity of Ca-handling proteins that contribute to impaired myocardial performance. Male 60-day-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed a control or restricted diet (50% reduction in the food consumed by the control group) for 90 days.

Effects of AT1 receptor antagonism on interstitial and ultrastructural remodeling of heart in response to a hypercaloric diet.

Palatable hypercaloric feeding has been associated with angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) stimulation and cardiac remodeling. This study analyzed whether AT1R antagonism attenuates cardiac remodeling in rats subjected to a palatable hypercaloric diet. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were subjected to a commercial standard rat chow (CD) or a palatable hypercaloric diet (HD) for 35 weeks and then allocated into four groups: CD, CL, HD, and HL; L groups received losartan in drinking water (30 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks.

Heart remodeling produced by aortic stenosis promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis mediated by collagen V imbalance.

Cardiac remodeling (CR) is a structural change of the heart due to chronic hemodynamic overload related to changes in both myocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM). We investigated that the imbalance of collagen V promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis that contributes to heart failure and cell death. Aortic stenosis was induced surgically and male Wistar rats were randomized to 18 weeks (Sham 18 w, n = 12; AoS 18 w, n = 12) and severe of heart failure (Sham HF, n = 12; AoS HF, n = 12) groups.

N-Acetylcysteine Influence on Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling in Rats During Transition from Compensated Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Heart Failure.

Background/aims: To evaluate the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac structure and function in rats with long-term ascending aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods: Four months after inducing AS, Wistar rats were assigned into the groups Sham, AS, and AS treated with NAC (AS-NAC) and followed for eight weeks. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram.

Effect of Gamma-Oryzanol as Therapeutic Agent to Prevent Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome in Animals Submitted to High Sugar-Fat Diet.

Background: The high consumption of fat and sugar contributes to the development of obesity and co-morbidities, such as diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Different strategies have been used to prevent these diseases associated with obesity, such as changes in eating habits and/or the addition of dietary components with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, such as gamma-oryzanol (γOz) present mainly in bran layers and rice germ.

Methods: Animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups and fed ad libitum for 20 weeks with control diet (C, = 8), control diet + γOz (C + γOz, = 8), high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSF, = 8), and high-sugar and high-fat diet + γOz (HSF + γOz, = 8).

Effects of growth hormone on cardiac remodeling and soleus muscle in rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure.

Background: Skeletal muscle wasting is often observed in heart failure (HF). The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis is impaired in HF. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GH on soleus muscle and cardiac remodeling in rats with aortic stenosis (AS)-induced HF.