In situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nose-to-brain delivery: development, characterization and deposition studies in a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model.

The nasal route has been investigated as a promising alternative for drug delivery to the central nervous system, avoiding passage through the blood-brain barrier and improving bioavailability. In this sense, it is necessary to develop and test the effectiveness of new formulations proposed for the management of neurological disorders. Thereby, the aim of this work was to develop and characterize an ion sensitive in situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy.

The Asymmetry of the Mandible in Patients with Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement Confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the relationship between the mandibular asymmetry index according to Kjellberg between patients with painful unilateral anterior disc displacement (DD) and asymptomatic volunteers without disc displacement. Vertical measurements were performed on a panoramic single-image radiograph, and the disc status was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material And Methods: Two groups of subjects were retrospectively selected, 40 patients (the overall mean age was 35.

Chitosan-Based Thermogelling System for Nose-to-Brain Donepezil Delivery: Optimising Formulation Properties and Nasal Deposition Profile.

Donepezil nasal delivery strategies are being continuously investigated for advancing therapy in Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based, donepezil-loaded thermogelling formulation tailored to meet all the requirements for efficient nose-to-brain delivery. A statistical design of the experiments was implemented for the optimisation of the formulation and/or administration parameters, with regard to formulation viscosity, gelling and spray properties, as well as its targeted nasal deposition within the 3D-printed nasal cavity model.

EVAULATION OF BLINK REFLEX BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS.

The purpose of the study was to find differences in the parameters of the response to the blink reflex (BR) between patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and health volunteers. A prospective cohort study was conducted over 2 years. The TN-subgroup included 15 patients (mean age / SD 62.

Significance of Calcifications in Projection of Carotid Arteries on Orthopantomography for Detection of Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Introduction: Orthopantomography is amongst the most commonly used dental imaging modalities. Calcifications in the projection of carotids on orthopantomographs are found in 3-15% of general population and commonly represent calcified atherosclerotic plaques. Carotid atherosclerotic changes are one of the most frequent causes of stroke, which is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability globally.

Tailoring functional spray-dried powder platform for efficient donepezil nose-to-brain delivery.

Shortcomings of oral donepezil administration in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have paved the way for ongoing investigations towards more efficient and safe donepezil nose-to-brain delivery. Herein we present the development of advantageous powder platform for donepezil nose-to-brain delivery, coupling careful design of chitosan and mannitol-based carrier matrix with spray-drying technology advantages and early consideration of adequate nasal administration mode, employing QbD approach. Unprecedentedly, ultrasonic nozzle was used to atomise the drying feed in response to size-related requirements for nasal aerosol particles.

In situ gelling nanosuspension as an advanced platform for fluticasone propionate nasal delivery.

In this work we present the development of in situ gelling nanosuspension as advanced form for fluticasone propionate nasal delivery. Drug nanocrystals were prepared by wet milling technique. Incorporation of drug nanocrystals into polymeric in situ gelling system with pectin and sodium hyaluronate as constitutive polymers was fine-tuned attaining appropriate formulation surface tension, viscosity and gelling ability.

Alcohol Abuse in the Dental Patient and Temporomandibular Disorder Caused by Trauma.

The aim of the paper was to describe the multidimensional character of alcoholism and its effects on oral health, with a review of the relation between the traumatogenic factor of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and bruxism development. The difference between moderate drinking and the development of alcohol addiction which leads to alcoholism-related medical, social, legal and economic issues is not always clear. Alcoholism is often hidden within the private and wider social framework of a patient.

A Dry Powder Platform for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dexamethasone: Formulation Development and Nasal Deposition Studies.

Nasal route of administration offers a unique opportunity of brain targeted drug delivery via olfactory and trigeminal pathway, providing effective CNS concentrations at lower doses and lower risk for adverse reactions compared to systemic drug administration. Therefore, it has been recently proposed as a route of choice for glucocorticoids to control neuroinflammation processes in patients with severe Covid-19. However, appropriate delivery systems tailored to enhance their efficacy yet need to emerge.

Imaging in chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review of MRI and CT diagnostic accuracy and reliability in severity staging.

Background: Computerized tomography (CT) severity scores are frequently used as an objective staging tool in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also been proposed as a valid option in CRS imaging.

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to briefly present the recent developments on sinus imaging utilized in clinical practice with regard to diagnostic accuracy of imaging and severity staging in CRS according to evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles.

MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES UNDERGOING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - PROPOSAL FOR UNIFIED HOSPITAL PROTOCOL: CROATIAN WORKING GROUP ON ARRHYTHMIAS AND CARDIAC PACING.

For many years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was contraindicated in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Today, there is a growing amount of evidence that MRI can be performed safely in the majority of patients with CIEDs. Firstly, there are devices considered MRI conditional by manufacturers that are available on the market and secondly, there is clear evidence that even patients with MRI non-conditional devices can also undergo MRI safely.

OROFACIAL PAIN - DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGES.

The concept of diagnostics and therapy of musculoskeletal and neuropathic diseases of the stomatognathic system, which are the subject of this paper, has been developing for decades. It can be said that in order to avoid misunderstanding, the orofacial pain as a clinical problem, in the narrower sense, involves non-odontogenic and non-malignant causes of orofacial region. In this study, the results of clinical diagnosis of the population of 557 consecutive patients with orofacial pain based on multidisciplinary diagnostics were evaluated.

An internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with neck hematoma: A rare cause of a life-threatening neck mass mimicking an abscess.

A neck mass has a broad and complex differential diagnosis, generally divided into neoplastic, congenital and inflammatory categories. An internal carotid artery hemorrhage with pseudoaneurysm formation is a very rare entity that may resemble other common conditions in the differential diagnosis. Large, expanding or symptomatic pseudoaneurysm is critical to efficiently diagnose and manage, due to risk of life-threatening hemorrhage.

Prostatic Artery Embolization as a New Option in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - Current Evidence.

Prostatic artery embolization is a minimally invasive endovascular treatment that improves lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although further randomized studies and long-term evidence is still needed for this method to be fully incorporated into treatment guidelines for benign prostatic hyperplasia, current studies show that this method can be an effective and safe alternative in patients with a significantly enlarged prostate gland who are not good surgical candidates. Therefore, we present the theory, technical details and potential benefits of this method as we review the current evidence on prostatic artery embolization.

Zygomatic Air Cell Defect - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint Compared with Panoramic Radiographs.

The aim of the study was to analyze zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) incidence using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and validity of panoramic radiograph as a comparative method of ZACD diagnostics. The connection between ZACD incidence, age, left/right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and comorbidity with diagnosis of TMJ disorder was analyzed. Panoramic radiographs and MRIs of 140 TMJs of 70 consecutive patients with previously confirmed TMJ diagnosis were compared in the study.

Evaluation of the Head Multislice Computed Tomography Scan in Emergency Department.

The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of head injuries, acute stroke and brain tumors obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans in the emergency department (ED) during a one-year period. We also assessed the potential effect of seasons on the occurrence of stroke, head trauma and tumors found on CT scans, expressed in monthly intervals. This retrospective review included all patients that underwent emergency head CT from the hospital database.

Undergraduate Students' Knowledge on Temporomandibular Disorders in Croatia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate Croatian undergraduate students' knowledge based on what they learned in the recent course, as well as the students' own judgment and opinions about geriatric dentistry education concerning temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) of the elderly. The study was carried out by means of a questionnaire administered in the last study year to students of the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb and students of the Department of Dental Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Rijeka. Th e questionnaire included questions about relevant specific knowledge on TMD, and statements related to their own opinion about geriatric dentistry education received during the study.

The Significance of Brain Transcranial Sonography in Burning Mouth Syndrome: a Pilot Study.

Objective: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder which is affecting mostly postmenopausal women and is characterized by burning symptoms in the oral cavity on the clinically healthy oral mucosa. Also, the results of previous studies suggested a possible role of peripheral and/or central neurological disturbances in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze patients with burning mouth syndrome using transcranial sonography.

VERTEBRAL OSTEOMYELITIS IN ADULT PATIENTS--CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOME.

The aim of the study was to assess disease characteristics and outcome in patients with vertebral osteomyelitis (VO). A two medical centre retrospective cohort study was performed by chart review after discharge of 110 patients with confirmed VO treated during a 5-year period. Patients were divided in two groups: patients with uncomplicated VO and patients with complicated VO.

INITIAL SYMPTOMATIC PITUITARY METASTASIS IN A PATIENT WITH PROSTATE FOAMY GLAND CARCINOMA: TAILORING SAFE AND EFFECTIVE THERAPY.

Metastases to pituitary gland are unusual and mostly asymptomatic, presenting with local symptoms in one of ten patients, and only 3%-5% of them are of prostate origin. Here we report and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multimodal treatment in a patient with pituitary metastasis of a prostate foamy gland carcinoma. A 78-year-old male patient presented with blurred vision and headache without a previous history of malignancy.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MAMMOGRAPHY DETECTED BREAST ARTERIAL CALCIFICATIONS AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS.

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between some lifestyle-attributable risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as body mass index (BMI), oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, smoking and alcohol consumption with breast arterial calcification (BAC) and its intensity on mammograms, and to assess the impact of these lifestyle risk factors on mammography findings of BAC. This prospective study included 300 women aged 47-69, i.e.

Clinical view of the temporomandibular joint disorder.

Temporomandibular pain has a musculoskeletal origin because it occurs as a consequence of masticatory muscle function disorder and temporomandibular joint disorder. Most common diagnoses of disorders are disc displacement and osteoarthritis, but their comorbidity can also occur. Pain is the most common symptom, where chronic temporomandibular pain may con- tribute to the occurrence of psychological disorders in the patient population.

Metric evaluation of partially displaced temporomandibular joint disc.

The objective was to determine the quantitative relationship between the condyle and disc position in the glenoid fossa between two different slices of the same temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with partial anterior disc displacement (DD). The study was conducted on 40 patients with DD of TMJs (mean age, 35.5 years).

Sever's disease complicated with osteomyelitis.

Sever's disease is juvenile osteochondrosis of calcaneus, manifested with posterior heel pain and mild swelling, usually in young athletes, caused by repetitive microtrauma. The standard diagnostic procedures include radiographs and ultrasound examination. It is a self-limiting condition, usually treated conservatively.

Psoriatic arthritis and temporomandibular joint involvement - literature review with a reported case.

In addition to psoriasis, between 5% and 24% of patients will develop psoriatic arthritis simultaneously after or even prior to skin manifestations. Psoriatic arthritis belongs to the group of seronegative spondyloarthritis. Collaboration between a dermatologist and a rheumatologist plays a more important role in cases where there is a complete absence of clinical signs of psoriasis.