Two waves of massive stars running away from the young cluster R136.

Massive stars are predominantly born in stellar associations or clusters. Their radiation fields, stellar winds and supernovae strongly impact their local environment. In the first few million years of a cluster's life, massive stars are dynamically ejected and run away from the cluster at high speed.

Inhibition of mitochondrial function by approved drugs overcomes nasopharyngeal carcinoma chemoresistance.

The development of chemo-resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents a significant therapeutic challenge, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In our previous studies, we highlighted the association between isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) and chemoresistance in NPC. In this current research, we revealed that both 5-FU and cisplatin-resistant NPC cells exhibited elevated mitochondrial function and increased expression of mitochondrial genes, independent of ICMT.

Monodispersed Transition Metals Induced Ordinary-Pressure Phase Transformation from Graphite to Diamond: A First-Principles Calculation.

High pressure and high temperature are normally required for the transformation of graphite to diamond; thus, finding a method that allows the transformation to occur under ordinary pressure will be extremely promising for diamond synthesis. Here, it is found that graphite spontaneously transforms into diamond without any pressure by adding monodispersed transition metals, and the universal rules that will help predict the role of certain elements in the phase transition were studied. The results show that the favorable transition metals possess an atomic radius of 0.

Diamond formation mechanism in chemical vapor deposition.

It is a key challenge to prepare large-area diamonds by using the methods of high-pressure high-temperature and normal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The formation mechanism of thermodynamically metastable diamond compared to graphite in low-pressure CVD possibly implies a distinctive way to synthesize large-area diamonds, while it is an intriguing problem due to the limitation of in situ characterization in this complex growth environment. Here, we design a series of short-term growth on the margins of cauliflower-like nanocrystalline diamond particles, allowing us to clearly observe the diamond formation process.