Secreted extracellular heat shock protein gp96 and inflammatory cytokines are markers of severe malaria outcome.

Malaria caused by Plasmodium spp., is a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. The fight against malaria has stalled due to increasing resistance to treatments and insecticides.

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with a higher proportion of asymptomatic infections and lower mortality in sub-Saharan Africa than high-income countries. However, there is currently a lack of data on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in Africa compared with people in high-income regions of the world. We aimed to assess geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal immune responses.

From Genome-wide Association Studies to Functional Variants: ARL14 Cis-regulatory Variants Are Associated With Severe Malaria.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified several nonfunctional tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe malaria. We hypothesized that causal SNPs could play a significant role in severe malaria by altering promoter or enhancer activity. Here, we sought to identify such regulatory SNPs.

An elevated level of interleukin-17A in a Senegalese malaria cohort is associated with rs8193038 IL-17A genetic variant.

Malaria infection is a multifactorial disease partly modulated by host immuno-genetic factors. Recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of Interleukin-17 family proinflammatory cytokines and their genetic variants in host immunity. However, limited knowledge exists about their role in parasitic infections such as malaria.

Genetic contribution of breast cancer genes in women of black African origin.

Breast cancer (BC) is an increasing public health issue worldwide. BC incidence and mortality rates are rising in transitioning countries in Africa, with the most rapid increase occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Female BC represents 25.

Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with cervical lesions reveals new markers of cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a multifactorial disease of which human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiological agent. Despite cervical Pap smear screening and anti‑HPV vaccination, CC remains a major public health issue. Identification of specific gene expression signatures in the blood could allow better insight into the immune response of CC and could provide valuable information for the development of novel biomarkers.

ATP2B4 regulatory genetic variants are associated with mild malaria.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified ATP2B4 as a severe malaria resistance gene. Recently, 8 potential causal regulatory variants have been shown to be associated with severe malaria.

Methods: Genotyping of rs10900585, rs11240734, rs1541252, rs1541253, rs1541254, rs1541255, rs10751450, rs10751451 and rs10751452 was performed in 154 unrelated individuals (79 controls and 75 mild malaria patients).

Case Report: Lingual Tuberculosis Reveaed by a Cold Abcess.

Tuberculosis is the most common infectious disease in the world and the lingual location represents less than 1% of extra-pulmonary forms. We report a case of primary lingual tuberculosis which was presented to us in the form of a cold abscess in a 46-year-old alcohol and tobacco drinker weaned for 01 years. Confirmation was histological after biopsy of the lesion.

Galectin-3 as a biomarker in breast neoplasms: Mechanisms and applications in patient care.

Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family encoded by the LGALS3 gene on chromosome 14. It is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and mammary tumor cells. Through its activity on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, galectin-3 improves the proliferation, survival, and colonizing ability of mammary neoplastic cells.

and polymorphisms in the Senegalese population: prevalence, correlation with clinical malaria.

Background: Host genetic factors contribute to the variability of malaria phenotypes and can allow a better understanding of mechanisms involved in susceptibility and/or resistance to infection outcomes. Several genetic polymorphisms were reported to be prevalent among populations living in tropical malaria-endemic regions and induce protection against malaria. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of and deficiencies polymorphisms among Senegalese populations and their associations with the risk for severe malaria occurrence.

Do drugs interact together in cardiovascular prevention? A meta-analysis of powerful or factorial randomized controlled trials.

Aim Of The Study: To explore whether preventive cardiovascular drugs (antihypertensive, antiplatelet, lipid lowering and hypoglycemic agents) interact together in cardiovascular prevention.

Methods: We searched PubMed®, Web of science™, Embase and Cochrane library for powerful randomized placebo-controlled trials (>1000 patients). We explored whether drug effect on major vascular events changed according to cross-exposure to other drug classes or to cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension or type 2 diabetes), through a meta-analysis of relative odds ratio computed by trial subgroups.

Identification of Regulatory Element Containing Functional Genetic Variants Associated with Severe Malaria.

Genome-wide association studies for severe malaria (SM) have identified 30 genetic variants mostly located in non-coding regions. Here, we aimed to identify potential causal genetic variants located in these loci and demonstrate their functional activity. We systematically investigated the regulatory effect of the SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the malaria-associated genetic variants.

Efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of hepatic abscess: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Liver abscess is a common cause of intra-abdominal infection and its treatment depends on the presentation. Laparoscopy, in addition to its classic benefits, has particular advantages in the management of liver abscess but its role is not well defined and studies done in that field are heterogenous. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the management of liver abscess.

New Insights Into c.815_824dup Pathogenic Variant of in Inherited Breast Cancer: A Founder Mutation of West African Origin.

Founder mutations have been reported in and in different ethnic groups with inherited breast cancer. Testing of targeted mutations in specific populations is important for cancer prevention in mutation carriers. In Sub-Saharan Africa, only a few studies have reported specific founder mutations in inherited breast cancer.

Vaccination against tuberculosis, polio and hepatitis B at birth in Podor health district, Northern Senegal: cross-sectional study of vaccination coverage and its associated factors.

Background: In Senegal, studies focusing specifically on vaccination coverage with the Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the birth dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV zero dose) and the birth dose of hepatitis B (HepB-BD) vaccine are insufficient. This study aimed to highlight vaccination coverages with birth doses and factors associated with timely vaccination in Podor health district.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from June 19 to 22, 2020.

[Contribution of the Xpert MTB / Rif test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of any form in Saint-Louis].

Introduction: The Xpert MTB / RIF assay has a dual advantage on the one hand, the rapid diagnosis of even difficult cases by the standard technique of direct microscopic examination and on the other hand by the detection of resistance to rifampicin. Our objective was to determine the contribution of the Xpert test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of all forms.

Materials And Method: retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out in the Pneumophtisiology department of the CHRU of Saint-Louis.

[Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a HIV-1 infected patient with first-line antiretroviral therapy failure].

Vulvar cancer has been rarely reported in the literature. In young women, it is most often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), whereas in postmenopausal women, in whom this cancer is more common, it would be caused by estrogen deficiency. Moreover, HIV infection increases the risk of developing vulvar cancer in HIV-positive women as a consequence of the high prevalence of HPV infection in these subjects.

The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed?

The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

[Primary breast tuberculosis in a man: a case report].

The breast tuberculosis accounts for 0.06 to 0.1% of extra-pulmonary localizations.

Evidence for an ancient 1 pathogenic variant in inherited breast cancer patients from Senegal.

and are the most incriminated genes in inherited breast/ovarian cancers. Several pathogenic variants of these genes conferring genetic predisposition have been described in different populations but rarely in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to identify pathogenic variants of the genes involved in hereditary breast cancer in Senegal and to search for a founder effect.

Morphological and genetic characterizations of Avitellina tapeworms from domestic ruminants in Senegal: An evidence of specificity among sheep and cattle host.

Avitellina tapeworms are common intestinal parasites of ruminants with a worldwide distribution. In Senegal, only Avitellina centripunctata tapeworm has been reported to date, and genetic diversity was previously confirmed by enzymatic analysis. This study aims to clarify the diversity of Avitellina tapeworms isolated from sheep and cattle in Senegal.