An assessment of the Henssge method for forensic death time estimation in the early post-mortem interval.

Background: Time-since-death (TSD) diagnostics are crucial in forensic medical casework. The compound method by Henssge and Madea, which combines temperature and non-temperature-based techniques, is widely used to estimate TSD. This study aims to validate the predictive ability of this method in a cohort of 76 deceased individuals with known times of death (TOD).

A hybrid computational approach to anticipate individuals in sequential problem solving.

Human-awareness is an ever more important requirement for AI systems that are designed to assist humans with daily physical interactions and problem solving. This is especially true for patients that need support to stay as independent as possible. To be human-aware, an AI should be able to anticipate the intentions of the individual humans it interacts with, in order to understand the difficulties and limitations they are facing and to adapt accordingly.

Argumentation: A calculus for Human-Centric AI.

This paper aims to expose and analyze the potential foundational role of Argumentation for Human-Centric AI, and to present the main challenges for this foundational role to be realized in a way that will fit well with the wider requirements and challenges of Human-Centric AI. The central idea set forward is that by endowing machines with the ability to argue with forms of machine argumentation that are cognitively compatible with those of human argumentation, we will be able to support a naturally effective, enhancing and ethical human-machine cooperation and "social" integration.

Full endoscopic anterior intrapelvic plate osteosynthesis: a cadaveric feasibility study.

In this investigation, it was assumed that it must be possible to visualize the intrapelvic aspect as accustomed by pelvic surgeons using the anterior intrapelvic (modified Stoppa) approach. Moreover, it was hypothesized, that plate mountings will not only be possible for the symphysis but also at the supra- and infrapectineal aspect as well as to the posterior column. Ten anonymized cadaveric specimens were included in this study.

Normal parents: Trans pregnancy and the production of reproducers.

Background: Some trans people want to create families in a variety of ways that include pregnancy, but often face obstacles in doing so.

Aims: This paper explores how trans pregnancy is treated as exceptional and out of the ordinary by reproductive institutions.

Methods: Analysis of case studies demonstrates the ubiquity of institutional obstacles to trans pregnancy and how reproductive institutions unnecessarily render trans pregnancy exceptional.

National-Level Disparities in Internet Access Among Low-Income and Black and Hispanic Youth: Current Population Survey.

Background: Internet access is increasingly critical for adolescents with regard to obtaining health information and resources, participating in web-based health promotion, and communicating with health practitioners. However, past work demonstrates that access is not uniform among youth in the United States, with lower access found among groups with higher health-related needs. Population-level data yield important insights about access and internet use in the United States.

Prospective postmortem evaluation of 735 consecutive SARS-CoV-2-associated death cases.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic with significant mortality. Accurate information on the specific circumstances of death and whether patients died from or with SARS-CoV-2 is scarce. To distinguish COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 deaths, we performed a systematic review of 735 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in Hamburg, Germany, from March to December 2020, using conventional autopsy, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy, postmortem computed tomography and medical records.

[SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in adult persons up to 50 years of age].

Introduction: Several evaluations of deaths in persons of advanced age associated with SARS-CoV‑2 can be found in the international literature. The aim of this work was the evaluation of deaths associated with SARS-CoV‑2 of persons of younger or middle age (up to 50 years) at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Hamburg, Germany, with presentation of frequency, comorbidities and disease courses.

Material And Methods: A total of 735 SARS-CoV-2-associated cases of decedents with registered addresses in Hamburg were evaluated in 2020 at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Hamburg, Germany, using various examination methods.

Using discrete-event simulation to increase the efficiency of point of distribution sites.

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a computer simulation model that will provide the most optimal allocation of resources for a point of distribution (POD) site.

Design: A baseline assessment was conducted by participants establishing POD sections with no guidance from the investigator. A computer model was built with four stations: triage, registration, screening, and dispensing.

Ophthalmoplegia: Definition and Clinical Diagnostic Techniques.

Ophthalmoplegia can be caused by multiple etiologies. There are restrictive, paretic, neurologic, and myasthenic conditions that can lead to reduced mobility of the eyes that at first glance may be difficult to discern from one another. While the examiner may be tempted to order various lab tests and scans to reach a diagnosis, the assessment of ophthalmoplegia by clinical examination alone can often provide enough information to determine the etiology, or at least rule out causes that can spare the patient and facility from unnecessary time-consuming and costly tests.

Fertility Counseling for Transgender AYAs.

Transgender adolescents and young adults may wish to use cross-sex hormones as means to achieve identity goals. However, these hormones may impair future reproductive functioning. This case explores the complexities related to clinical decision-making concerning fertility and the use of cross-sex hormones in adolescent and young adult transgender populations.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated with Combined JP-HHT Syndrome: A Novel Phenotype Associated with a Novel Variant in .

Juvenile polyposis (JP) syndrome is characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia characterized by telangiectasia in the skin, mucous membranes, and arteriovenous malformations in other organs. Individuals with JP-HHT syndrome have variable features of both rare disorders, attributed to heterozygous mutations in the gene.

How Should Physicians Refer When Referral Options are Limited for Transgender Patients?

Transgender people encounter many barriers to health care, and recommendations about where their treatment would best be offered can promote or thwart good care. This case examines the care setting from the perspective of a patient whose experiences with specialists have been negative. We argue that an ethos of harm reduction and informed consent, with a strong emphasis on continuity of care within a primary care setting, should guide questions about how to refer transgender patients to caregivers and to good care settings.

A Treatment-Based Classification Algorithm to Treat Achilles Tendinopathy: An Exploratory Case Series.

Context: Achilles tendinopathy is relatively common in both the general and athletic populations. The current gold standard for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is eccentric exercise, which can be painful and time consuming. While there is limited research on indirect treatment approaches, it has been proposed that tendinopathy patients do respond to indirect approaches in fewer treatments without provoking pain.

Time-out: The Professional and Organizational Ethics of Speaking Up in the OR.

Participation in patient safety is one concrete expression of a foundational principle of medical ethics: do no harm. Being an ethical professional requires taking action to prevent harm to patients in health care environments. Checklists and time-outs have become common patient safety tools in the US and other nations.

Gender, identity, and bioethics.

Transgender people and issues have come to the forefront of public consciousness over the last year. Caitlyn Jenner' very public transition, heightened media coverage of the murders of transgender women of color, and the panicked passage of North Carolina's "bathroom bill" (House Bill 2), mean that conversations about transgender health and well-being are no longer happening only within small communities. The idea that transgender issues are bioethical issues is not new, but I think that increased public awareness of transgender people and the ways that their health is affected by systems that bioethics already engages with offers an opportunity for scholarship that works to improve transgender health in meaningful ways.

[Carbon monoxide poisoning by a heating system].

A case of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in several occupants of two neighboring residential buildings in Hamburg-Harburg (Germany) caused by a defective gas central heating system is described. Because of leaks in one of the residential buildings and the directly adjacent wall of the neighboring house, the gas could spread and accumulated in both residential buildings, which resulted in a highly dangerous situation. Exposure to the toxic gas caused mild to severe intoxication in 15 persons.

Differences in serum cytokine levels between wild type mice and mice with a targeted mutation suggests necessity of using control littermates.

To enhance protection from pathogens, housing conditions have been improved constantly. We wanted to test whether various environmental conditions and caging systems affect serum cytokine levels of immunodeficient mice differently than they affect immunocompetent control animals. We compared serum cytokine levels of immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice kept in three different environments: a specific pathogen free (SPF) breeding barrier with open cages.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 in urban Ghana: characteristics and associated factors.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa faces a rapid spread of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) but its potentially specific characteristics are inadequately defined. In this hospital-based study in Kumasi, Ghana, we aimed at characterizing clinical, anthropometric, socio-economic, nutritional and behavioural parameters of DM2 patients and at identifying associated factors.

Methods: Between August 2007 and June 2008, 1466 individuals were recruited from diabetes and hypertension clinics, outpatients, community, and hospital staff.

Standardized diaper care regimen: a prospective, randomized pilot study on skin barrier function and epidermal IL-1α in newborns.

Adaptation of skin barrier function and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) content in diapered and nondiapered skin are poorly characterized in newborns receiving standard skin care. In a monocentric, prospective pilot study 44 healthy, full-term neonates were randomly assigned to skin care with baby wipes (n = 21) or water-moistened washcloth (n = 23) at each diaper change. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin-pH, IL-1α, and epidermal desquamation were measured on days 2, 14, and 28 postpartum.

Resolution-limited optical recording in 3D.

We present an optical write/read system for high density optical data storage in 3-D. The microholographic approach relies on submicron-sized reflection gratings that encode the digital data. As in conventional optical data storage, the physical limitations are imposed by both the diffraction of light and resolution of the recording material.