Benefits of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Males.

Importance: Hypogonadism is defined by consistently low serum testosterone levels in conjunction with clinical symptoms. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can be used to achieve physiologic levels of testosterone. Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased mortality and poorer health outcomes.

Benefits of Tadalafil and Sildenafil on Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Dementia.

Background: Erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms, from benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder neck obstructions, are prevalent in men and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, such as tadalafil and sildenafil, are used to treat erectile dysfunction and may also offer cardiovascular benefits due to their vasodilatory effects. This study evaluates the impact of these PDE-5 inhibitors on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and dementia in middle-aged men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms over a 3 year follow-up period.

PSA Levels and Mortality in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men around the world. Several smaller studies have explored the relationship between elevated PSA and mortality, but results have been conflicting. Additionally, studies have shown that Black men are more likely to be diagnosed with PC at late-stages and may have a twofold increase in mortality risk.

Some recollections of early work with bedside ultrasound in emergency medicine: the first 10 years.

The early history of ultrasound in emergency medicine has remained for the most part undocumented up to this time. This piece represents personal recollections of the evolution of point-of-care ultrasound from its origins in the late 1980s in the United States. A description of ultrasound equipment, resistance to widespread implementation, the evolution of training, and fellowship programs with subsequent publications and committee developments are examined in detail.

Speed kills? Not always: the New York State thruway experience.

Background: The New York State (NYS) speed limit increased from 55 mph to 65 mph in August 1995. This study examines the change in motor vehicle fatality rates on the NYS thruway and NYS Interstates before and after the speed limit change. We also compare the fatality rates pre- and postincreased speed limit between the NYS thruway and other major NYS roadways, where speed limit remained unchanged at 55 mph.

Seat belt use by police: should they click it?

Background: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of mortality in the United States, although seat belts significantly reduce the risk of death. Police officers do not always wear a seat belt. A retrospective study was conducted on all crashes that involved marked police vehicles in the United States and included a death in any of the involved vehicles.

Sensitivity in detecting free intraperitoneal fluid with the pelvic views of the FAST exam.

The multiple-view focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam is an integral tool in the assessment of blunt abdominal trauma. A prospective observational study was performed to compute the average minimum volume of detectable intraperitoneal fluid with the pelvic views of the FAST exam. All adult patients from October 1999 to May 2001, who presented to the ED with blunt abdominal trauma and underwent a clinically indicated diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), were candidates for admission to the pelvic ultrasound study.