Accumulation and elimination kinetics of dietary endosulfan in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

The carry-over of dietary endosulfan to the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon was studied. The uptake and elimination rate constants of the alpha and beta isoform of endosulfan were determined in seawater adapted Atlantic salmon (initial weigh 173+/-25 g) fed on endosulfan enriched diets (724 and 315 microg kg(-1) for alpha- and beta-endosulfan, respectively) for 92 days, followed by a 56 days depuration period with feeding on control diets (<0.3 microg kg(-1) endosulfan).

Assessing the sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan exposure using tissue biochemistry and histology.

The incorporation of plant-based ingredients, and the possible carry-over of pesticides such as endosulfan, in fish feeds may present new toxicological challenges to aquacultural species. Biological responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to a 35-day dietary endosulfan exposure at levels ranging from 4 to 710 microgkg(-1) were assessed using tissue histology and biochemistry. Liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deacetylase (EROD) activity was significantly elevated in the highest exposure group (710 microgkg(-1)) by day 35.

Tissue distribution of astaxanthin in rats following exposure to graded levels in the feed.

To determine the organ distribution of high doses of astaxanthin in rats (Rattus norvegicus) after oral application, a two week experiment was conducted, observing time (one and two weeks) and dose response (0.3, 1 and 3% of the feed). Low astaxanthin concentrations were detected in the viscera, distributed in a wide range, and not increasing from 7th to 14th day.

Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan as assessed by haematology, blood biochemistry, and growth parameters.

The presence of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in the water column confers a significant direct risk to the biota therein, yet relatively little is known regarding the toxic impact of dietborne endosulfan to aquatic organisms. Pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed at levels of technical endosulfan equal to the European Union regulatory limit (5 microg kg(-1)) and at levels 10 and 100 times greater, for a total of 49 days with haematology (e.g.