Differentiating Benign from Malignant Causes of Splenomegaly: Is Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography Helpful?

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in differentiating benign from malignant etiologies of splenomegaly based on differences in splenic stiffness.

Materials And Methods: Between September 2020 and November 2022, we evaluated 40 patients with splenomegaly-defined by a splenic long axis greater than 13 cm and/or a short axis greater than 6 cm, without visible focal or infiltrative mass lesions-using abdominal ultrasound at our university hospital. Each patient also underwent a standardized ARFI elastographic assessment of the enlarged spleen, with data collected prospectively.

Endosonography in head and neck imaging and surgery.

This CME article explores the evolving role of endosonography in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Endosonography offers significant potential to improve imaging inside the upper respiratory tract, particularly with advancements in probe technology and imaging resolution. The article will describe the sonoanatomy of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx and the selection of probes and scanning techniques used for the various anatomical sites.

Comments on EFSUMB recommendations, role of ultrasound in cutaneous neoplasms.

The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) has been publishing guidelines, position papers and also technical reviews. In addition, comments have been published for illustration of such papers including the hepatobiliary system, pancreas, lung and other organs. In the current paper, we aim to summarize the typical sonographic findings of the most commonly seen cutaneous neoplasms.

Ultrasound measurements and normal findings in the thyroid gland.

The present work describes the process of the sonographic examination, normal findings and measurements in the B-mode ultrasound evaluation. Reference is made to anatomical variants in shape, the pyramidal lobe, tubercle of Zuckerkandl, ectopic thyroid tissue, and their significance. Particular attention is paid to the reference values, the very miscellaneous reference values in different geographic regions of the world and influencing factors.

[Imaging in chronic inflammatory bowel disease].

In patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), endoscopic techniques (including capsule techniques and balloon enteroscopy for the small intestine), ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are primarily used as often complementary imaging techniques. Radiation exposure needs to be kept in mind when using CT and conventional X‑ray-techniques. Therefore, most importantly, ultrasound and MRI have changed the routine diagnostics of intestinal diseases.

Comparative Analysis of Mitogenomes in Leafhopper Tribe Deltocephalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae): Structural Conservatism and Phylogeny.

Previous studies on the gene order and composition of leafhopper mitochondrial genomes have revealed a high level of conservation in overall genome structure. Some members of Deltocephalinae, the largest subfamily, exhibit tRNA gene rearrangements; however, few mitogenomes have been sequenced in this group and the degree of structural variation within tribes remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 species belonging to four genera of tribe Deltocephalini from China and compared them with the two previously reported mitogenomes for this tribe.

Congestive heart failure after anthracycline-containing treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma: A Swedish matched cohort study.

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a known complication after anthracyclines and radiotherapy for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Contemporary cHL treatment may be associated with less risk because radiotherapy use and techniques have changed substantially over time.

Methods: In this study, Swedish cHL patients diagnosed in 2000-2018, and treated with adriamycin [doxorubicin], bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or bleomycin, etoposide, Adriamycin [doxorubicin], cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP), were matched 1:10 to the general population on birth year and sex to investigate relative rates and cumulative risks of CHF.

WFUMB Commentary Paper on Artificial intelligence in Medical Ultrasound Imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally associated with human intelligence. At present, AI has been widely used in a variety of ultrasound tasks, including in point-of-care ultrasound, echocardiography, and various diseases of different organs. However, the characteristics of ultrasound, compared to other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), poses significant additional challenges to AI.

Revision of the leafhopper genus Okubasca Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species from kiwifruit in China.

The empoascine genus Okubasca Dworakowska is reviewed based on specimens from China. One new species, O. wuningensis Zhang & Xu, sp.

Chlorination of quorum sensing molecules: Kinetics and transformation pathways.

The impact of chlorination on quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) is not often addressed in disinfection research. Yet pathogenicity and biofilm formation are controlled by quorum sensing (QS) in many bacteria. Chemical transformation of the compounds could have an impact on all of these processes.

Type II diabetes and metformin use does not affect colorectal cancer prognosis.

Previous studies on the impact of metformin and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes have been limited by small size and confounding by indication, yielding inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to assess whether diabetes and pre-diagnostic metformin use influence CRC prognosis. The study was performed using the Colorectal Cancer Data Base Sweden, a register-linkage originating from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register with linkage to national health care registers and demographic registers.

Peer teachers as ultrasound instructors? - a systematic literature review of peer teaching concepts in undergraduate ultrasound education.

Background: As ultrasound is one of the most utilized imaging procedures in clinical practice in Germany, its integration into undergraduate medical education is imperative. Thereby, the limited availability of qualified instructors is a major challenge. Peer tutors, who are trained to instruct their peers collaboratively, could resolve staff constraints.

Exploring the dynamics of ultrasound training in medical education: current trends, debates, and approaches to didactics and hands-on learning.

Introduction: Medical education, especially in ultrasound training, is undergoing significant changes. This study examines practical issues in ultrasound medical education, emphasizing state-of-the-art teaching methods, their effectiveness, and implementation challenges.

Methods: The study analyzed advancements in ultrasound education, including randomized controlled trials comparing peer-to-peer teaching with traditional faculty-led instruction.

Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.

Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) undergoing contemporary treatment is unclear. cHL patients ≥ 18 years at diagnosis treated with doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy between 2000 and 2022 were matched 1:5 with comparators on birth year, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index at time of matching (score of 0 or ≥ 1). Cause-specific cumulative incidence of a composite of CVDs with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with death and lymphoma relapse as competing events (i.

Bioorthogonal Monomycolate of Trehalose Disclosed the -Mycoloylation of Mycoloyltransferases and Other Cell Envelope Proteins in .

Protein mycoloylation is a recently identified unusual post-translational modification (PTM) exclusively observed in Mycobacteriales, an order of bacteria that includes several human pathogens. These bacteria possess a distinctive outer membrane, known as the mycomembrane, composed of very long-chain fatty acids called mycolic acids. It has been demonstrated that a few mycomembrane proteins undergo covalent modification with mycolic acids in the model organism through the action of mycoloyltransferase MytC.

Automatic tumor segmentation and lymph node metastasis prediction in papillary thyroid carcinoma using ultrasound keyframes.

Background: Accurate preoperative prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is essential for disease staging and individualized treatment planning, which can improve prognosis and facilitate better management.

Purpose: To establish a fully automated deep learning-enabled model (FADLM) for automated tumor segmentation and cervical LNM prediction in PTC using ultrasound (US) video keyframes.

Methods: The bicentral study retrospective enrolled 518 PTC patients, who were then randomly divided into the training (Hospital 1, n = 340), internal test (Hospital 1, n = 83), and external test cohorts (Hospital 2, n = 95).

Comments and Illustrations of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine (EFSUMB) Guidelines: Rare Malignant Pulmonal and Pleural Tumors: Primary Pulmonary Sarcoma and Mesothelioma, Imaging Features on Transthoracic Ultrasound.

Primary pulmonary sarcoma and mesothelioma are rare malignancies. The review article discusses the appearance of these tumors in B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In particular, the article is intended to inspire the examination of thoracic wall tumors and pleural masses with the possibilities of ultrasonography and to obtain histologically evaluable material using US or CEUS-guided sampling.

Ultrasound of the spleen - an update on measurements, reference values, and influencing factors. A systematic review.

Reliable and reproducible measurement methods have been established, and reference values are used in almost all scientific disciplines. The knowledge of reference values is crucial to distinguish physiological from pathological processes and, therefore, subsequently, for the clinical management of patients. The image storage and documentation of measurements and normal findings should be part of quality assurance in imaging.

How to perform Point of Care Ultrasound at resuscitation and when it is useful.

Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) can be useful as a tool before, during and after the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Before or after resuscitation it can help with monitoring unstable hemodynamics, has the potential to identify reversible causes if patient deteriorates. During resuscitation POCUS can help detect potentially treatable causes of the cardiac arrest.

An [illustrative] update on pediatric emergency ultrasound: part 3 - cerebral, musculoskeletal and other applications.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) plays an essential role in pediatric emergency medicine by improving diagnostics and procedural safety. The role of POCUS in the care of pediatric patients in the emergency department has expanded considerably in recent years. Cranial and musculoskeletal imaging has significant potential, yet POCUS has also become a vital tool for common procedures, such as central and difficult peripheral intravenous access.

Pancreatic ultrasound: An update of measurements, reference values, and variations of the pancreas.

Reliable and reproducible measurement methods have been established, and reference values are used in almost all scientific disciplines. Knowledge of reference values is crucial to distinguish physiological from pathological processes and, therefore, subsequently, for the clinical management of patients. Image storage and documentation of measurements and normal findings should be part of quality assurance in imaging.

Localization and Tumor Growth Inhibition of I-131-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody ERIC1 in a Subcutaneous Xenograft Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer in SCID Mice.

This study evaluates the efficacy of [I]I-ERIC1 in targeting and inhibiting the growth of SCLC tumors in mice, focusing on tumor accumulation and regression and potential side effects. NCAM-positive NCI-H69 SCLC cells were implanted in CB 17 SCID mice, and [I]I-ERIC1 biokinetics were measured in organs and tissues at four post-injection time points (24, 72, 96, and 120 h). The experimental series compared tumor growth, survival, and changes in blood counts among three treatment groups (1, 2, or 3 MBq) and a control group, with treatments initiated either two or five days post implantation.