Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of Neanderthal admixture.

Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kůň, Czechia and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analysing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from approximately 45,000-year-old remains from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlatý kůň.

Stable isotopes show Homo sapiens dispersed into cold steppes ~45,000 years ago at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany.

The spread of Homo sapiens into new habitats across Eurasia ~45,000 years ago and the concurrent disappearance of Neanderthals represents a critical evolutionary turnover in our species' history. 'Transitional' technocomplexes, such as the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ), characterize the European record during this period but their makers and evolutionary significance have long remained unclear. New evidence from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany, now provides a secure connection of the LRJ to H.

The ecology, subsistence and diet of ~45,000-year-old Homo sapiens at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany.

Recent excavations at Ranis (Germany) identified an early dispersal of Homo sapiens into the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago. Here we integrate results from zooarchaeology, palaeoproteomics, sediment DNA and stable isotopes to characterize the ecology, subsistence and diet of these early H. sapiens.

Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago.

The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe is associated with the regional disappearance of Neanderthals and the spread of Homo sapiens. Late Neanderthals persisted in western Europe several millennia after the occurrence of H. sapiens in eastern Europe.

(Not) being granted the right to belong-Amateur football clubs in Germany.

Empirical studies show that first- and second-generation immigrants are less likely to be members of sports clubs than their non-immigrant peers. Common explanations are cultural differences and socioeconomic disadvantages. However, lower participation rates in amateur sport could be at least partly due to ethnic discrimination.

Dataset for field experiments analyzing discrimination in amateur soccer.

This paper presents data of field experiments that analyze discrimination in amateur soccer. The studies created fake accounts and asked amateur soccer coaches to come for a trial practice. The fake accounts had either a native- or a foreign-sounding name.

Focus groups and interviews with the public led to the development of a template for a GRADE Plain Language Recommendation (PLR).

Objective: Clear communication of health care recommendations to patients and the public is essential. Current work has focused on creating patient versions of guidelines without much attention to single recommendations. In this study, we built on previously conducted research to test a template and explore the public's perceptions of, and attitudes towards plain language guideline recommendations.

Race and Employment: The Historical Case of Head Coaches in College Basketball.

This study analyzes how the number of Black coaches in college basketball has evolved since 1947. The analysis puts a focus on the time period after 1973 when regulatory requirements changed and a new Division was established. The change in the number of Divisions created distorted conditions and led to a significant difference in the number of Black coaches within Divisions.

Unbiased Decisions Among Women's Basketball Referees.

Decisions often reflect implicit biases. Ethnic, racial, and gender traits are associated with stereotypes that may influence the decision-making process. Previous research shows that referees' decisions in men's professional sports are often biased in favor of racial and nationalistic in-groups.

Using GRADE evidence to decision frameworks to choose from multiple interventions.

Background And Objective: Guideline development groups or other health care decision makers frequently encounter situations that require a simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions. This sometimes becomes apparent either when they identify questions of interest, before they formulate recommendations, or it may surface only when recommendations have already been formulated based on pairwise comparisons.

Methods: Using examples from the World Health Organization, the European Commission, and a professional society, we developed a flexible approach to developing recommendations when a multiple-intervention comparison (MC) is needed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence to decision (EtD) frameworks.

Energy Recuperation at the Hip Joint for Paraplegic Walking: Interaction Between Patient and Supportive Device.

For patients with lower limb paralysis, wearable robotic systems are becoming increasingly important for regaining mobility. The actuation of these systems is challenging because of the necessity to deliver high power within very limited space. However, not all patients need full support, as many patients have residual muscle function that can be applied for locomotion.

Long-term implant of intramuscular sensors and nerve transfers for wireless control of robotic arms in above-elbow amputees.

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) amplifies the electrical activity of nerves at the stump of amputees by redirecting them in remnant muscles above the amputation. The electrical activity of the reinnervated muscles can be used to extract natural control signals. Nonetheless, current control systems, mainly based on noninvasive muscle recordings, fail to provide accurate and reliable control over time.

A novel mechanotronic orthosis enables symmetrical gait kinematics in a patient with a femoral nerve palsy - a case study.

The usage of stance- and swing-phase control orthoses (SSCOs) is a good option in patients with neuromuscular insufficiency of the quadriceps muscle in a broad range of musculo-skeletal disorders. The subjective sensation of improved mobility in daily life and walking comfort could be objectively confirmed by the ability to walk without crutches and by harmonization of the gait patterns in hip and knee. They could also be a considered mobility device after limb salvage surgery, which may even have an impact on preoperative decision making.

Prosthesis Control with an Implantable Multichannel Wireless Electromyography System for High-Level Amputees: A Large-Animal Study.

Background: Myoelectric prostheses lack a strong human-machine interface, leading to high abandonment rates in upper limb amputees. Implantable wireless electromyography systems improve control by recording signals directly from muscle, compared with surface electromyography. These devices do not exist for high amputation levels.

Long-term decoding of movement force and direction with a wireless myoelectric implant.

Objective: The ease of use and number of degrees of freedom of current myoelectric hand prostheses is limited by the information content and reliability of the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals used to control them. For example, cross-talk limits the capacity to pick up signals from small or deep muscles, such as the forearm muscles for distal arm amputations, or sites of targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) for proximal amputations. Here we test if signals recorded from the fully implanted, induction-powered wireless Myoplant system allow long-term decoding of continuous as well as discrete movement parameters with better reliability than equivalent sEMG recordings.

A Novel Method to Generate Amplitude-Frequency Modulated Vibrotactile Stimulation.

The natural interaction of humans with their environment involves the harmonious coordination of the body, for which multi-modal feedback including vision, proprioception, and tactile perception is essential. Most human-machine interfaces, however, rely on the visual feedback only, and this can lead to considerable cognitive burden. Additional haptic feedback can increase the intuitiveness of the man-machine interaction.

Closed-loop control of grasping with a myoelectric hand prosthesis: which are the relevant feedback variables for force control?

In closed-loop control of grasping by hand prostheses, the feedback information sent to the user is usually the actual controlled variable, i.e., the grasp force.

The extraction of neural information from the surface EMG for the control of upper-limb prostheses: emerging avenues and challenges.

Despite not recording directly from neural cells, the surface electromyogram (EMG) signal contains information on the neural drive to muscles, i.e., the spike trains of motor neurons.

Search for lepton flavour violation in the continuum with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the LHC.

This paper presents a search for the -channel exchange of an -parity violating scalar top quark ([Formula: see text]) in the continuum using 2.1 fb of data collected by the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Data are found to be consistent with the expectation from the Standard Model backgrounds.

Measurement of the W+ W- cross section in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions with ATLAS.

This Letter presents a measurement of the W+ W- production cross section in sqrt(s) = 7  TeV pp collisions by the ATLAS experiment, using 34  pb(-1) of integrated luminosity produced by the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Selecting events with two isolated leptons, each either an electron or a muon, 8 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 1.7 ± 0.

Search for a heavy particle decaying into an electron and a muon with the ATLAS detector in sqrt[s] = 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC.

This Letter presents the first search for a heavy particle decaying into an e ± μ(-/+) final state in sqrt[s] = 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC. The data were recorded by the ATLAS detector during 2010 and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 35 pb(-1). No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed.

Measurement of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.

Azimuthal decorrelations between the two central jets with the largest transverse momenta are sensitive to the dynamics of events with multiple jets. We present a measurement of the normalized differential cross section based on the full data set (∫Ldt=36  pb(-1)) acquired by the ATLAS detector during the 2010 sqrt(s)=7  TeV proton-proton run of the LHC. The measured distributions include jets with transverse momenta up to 1.