Anaerobic spp. degrade sulfoquinovose via a bifurcated 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose transketolase/transaldolase pathway to both C- and C-sulfonate intermediates.

Plant-produced sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is one of the most abundant sulfur-containing compounds in nature and its bacterial degradation plays an important role in the biogeochemical sulfur and carbon cycles and in all habitats where SQ is produced and degraded, particularly in gut microbiomes. Here, we report the enrichment and characterization of a strictly anaerobic SQ-degrading bacterial consortium that produces the C-sulfonate isethionate (ISE) as the major product but also the C-sulfonate 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS), with concomitant production of acetate and hydrogen (H). In the second step, the ISE was degraded completely to hydrogen sulfide (HS) when an additional electron donor (external H) was supplied to the consortium.

sp. G2112 Detoxifies Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acid by 5 Glucosylation.

Microbial symbionts of plants constitute promising sources of biocontrol organisms to fight plant pathogens. sp. G2112 and sp.

Characterization of polyphosphate dynamics in the widespread freshwater diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum under varying phosphorus supplies.

Polyphosphates (polyP) are ubiquitous biomolecules that play a multitude of physiological roles in many cells. We have studied the presence and role of polyP in a unicellular alga, the freshwater diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum. This diatom stores up to 2.

Rapid Identification of Aphid Species by Headspace GC-MS and Discriminant Analysis.

Aphids are a ubiquitous group of pests in agriculture that cause serious losses. For sustainable aphid identification, it is necessary to develop a precise and fast aphid identification tool. A new simple chemotaxonomy approach to rapidly identify aphids was implemented.

D21B Isolated from Pollen Pots of the Australian Stingless Bee .

bacteria have been previously isolated predominantly from floral nectar and identified in metagenomic screenings as associated with bees. Here, we isolated three strains from the robust Australian stingless bee sharing over 99.4% sequence similarity with strains isolated from floral nectar.

Isophthalate:coenzyme A ligase initiates anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic isophthalate.

Background: Environmental contamination from synthetic plastics and their additives is a widespread problem. Phthalate esters are a class of refractory synthetic organic compounds which are widely used in plastics, coatings, and for several industrial applications such as packaging, pharmaceuticals, and/or paints. They are released into the environment during production, use and disposal, and some of them are potential mutagens and carcinogens.

Revealing Genome-Based Biosynthetic Potential of sp. BR123 Isolated from Sunflower Rhizosphere with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity.

Actinomycetes, most notably the genus , have great importance due to their role in the discovery of new natural products, especially for finding antimicrobial secondary metabolites that are useful in the medicinal science and biotechnology industries. In the current study, a genome-based evaluation of sp. isolate BR123 was analyzed to determine its biosynthetic potential, based on its in vitro antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microbial pathogens, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

Ammonia Production by Symbionts of Leaf-Cutting Ants Strongly Inhibits the Fungal Pathogen .

Leaf-cutting ants live in mutualistic symbiosis with their garden fungus that can be attacked by the specialized pathogenic fungus . symbionts from leaf-cutting ants contribute to protect against pathogens. The symbiont sp.

Activation of short-chain ketones and isopropanol in sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Background: Degradation of acetone by aerobic and nitrate-reducing bacteria can proceed via carboxylation to acetoacetate and subsequent thiolytic cleavage to two acetyl residues. A different strategy was identified in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfococcus biacutus that involves formylation of acetone to 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA.

Results: Utilization of short-chain ketones (acetone, butanone, 2-pentanone and 3-pentanone) and isopropanol by the sulfate reducer Desulfosarcina cetonica was investigated by differential proteome analyses and enzyme assays.

Initiates Degradation of Aniline With the Production of Phenylphosphoamidate and 4-Aminobenzoate as Intermediates Through Synthases and Carboxylases From Different Gene Clusters.

The anaerobic degradation of aniline was studied in the sulfate-reducing bacterium . Our aim was to identify the genes and their proteins that are required for the initial activation of aniline as well as to characterize intermediates of this reaction. Aniline-induced genes were revealed by comparison of the proteomes of grown with different substrates (aniline, 4-aminobenzoate, phenol, and benzoate).

Environmental and Intestinal Phylum Bacteria Metabolize the Plant Sugar Sulfoquinovose via a 6-Deoxy-6-sulfofructose Transaldolase Pathway.

Bacterial degradation of the sugar sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is an important component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. Here, we reveal a third biochemical pathway for primary SQ degradation in an aerobic strain. An isomerase converts SQ to 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose (SF).

Deacylation of Calcium-Dependent Antibiotics from Streptomyces violaceoruber in Co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1.

When Streptomyces violaceoruber grows together with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1, it reacts with strongly induced droplet production on its aerial mycelium. Initially the metabolite profile of droplets from S.

Anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic isophthalate by the fermenting bacterium Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans.

Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans is a syntrophically fermenting bacterium that can degrade isophthalate (3-carboxybenzoate). It is a xenobiotic compound which has accumulated in the environment for more than 50 years due to its global industrial usage and can cause negative effects on the environment. Isophthalate degradation by the strictly anaerobic S.

Anaerobic Degradation of the Plant Sugar Sulfoquinovose Concomitant With HS Production: K-12 and sp. Strain DF1 as Co-culture Model.

Sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is produced by plants and other phototrophs and its biodegradation is a relevant component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. SQ is known to be degraded by aerobic bacterial consortia in two tiers via C-organosulfonates as transient intermediates to CO, water and sulfate. In this study, we present a first laboratory model for anaerobic degradation of SQ by bacterial consortia in two tiers to acetate and hydrogen sulfide (HS).

Two enzymes of the acetone degradation pathway of Desulfococcus biacutus: coenzyme B -dependent 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA mutase and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase.

Degradation of acetone by the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfococcus biacutus involves an acetone-activation reaction different from that used by aerobic or nitrate-reducing bacteria, because the small energy budget of sulfate-reducing bacteria does not allow for major expenditures into ATP-consuming carboxylation reactions. In the present study, an inducible coenzyme B -dependent conversion of 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of acetone-grown D. biacutus cells, together with a NAD -dependent oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA.

Secondary Metabolites from Escovopsis weberi and Their Role in Attacking the Garden Fungus of Leaf-Cutting Ants.

The specialized, fungal pathogen Escovopsis weberi threatens the mutualistic symbiosis between leaf-cutting ants and their garden fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus). Because E. weberi can overwhelm L.

Ammonia Released by Streptomyces aburaviensis Induces Droplet Formation in Streptomyces violaceoruber.

Streptomyces violaceoruber grown in co-culture with Streptomyces aburaviensis produces an about 17-fold higher volume of droplets on its aerial mycelium than in single-culture. Physical separation of the Streptomyces strains by either a plastic barrier or by a dialysis membrane, which allowed communication only by the exchange of volatile compounds or diffusible compounds in the medium, respectively, still resulted in enhanced droplet formation. The application of molecular sieves to bioassays resulted in the attenuation of the droplet-inducing effect of S.

Enzymes involved in the anaerobic degradation of ortho-phthalate by the nitrate-reducing bacterium Azoarcus sp. strain PA01.

The pathway of anaerobic degradation of o-phthalate was studied in the nitrate-reducing bacterium Azoarcus sp. strain PA01. Differential two-dimensional protein gel profiling allowed the identification of specifically induced proteins in o-phthalate-grown compared to benzoate-grown cells.

Entner-Doudoroff pathway for sulfoquinovose degradation in Pseudomonas putida SQ1.

Sulfoquinovose (SQ; 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is the polar head group of the plant sulfolipid SQ-diacylglycerol, and SQ comprises a major proportion of the organosulfur in nature, where it is degraded by bacteria. A first degradation pathway for SQ has been demonstrated recently, a "sulfoglycolytic" pathway, in addition to the classical glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof) pathway in Escherichia coli K-12; half of the carbon of SQ is abstracted as dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) and used for growth, whereas a C3-organosulfonate, 2,3-dihydroxypropane sulfonate (DHPS), is excreted. The environmental isolate Pseudomonas putida SQ1 is also able to use SQ for growth, and excretes a different C3-organosulfonate, 3-sulfolactate (SL).

Unifying bacteria from decaying wood with various ubiquitous Gibbsiella species as G. acetica sp. nov. based on nucleotide sequence similarities and their acetic acid secretion.

Bacteria were isolated from necrotic apple and pear tree tissue and from dead wood in Germany and Austria as well as from pear tree exudate in China. They were selected for growth at 37 °C, screened for levan production and then characterized as Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. Nucleotide sequences from 16S rRNA genes, the housekeeping genes dnaJ, gyrB, recA and rpoB alignments, BLAST searches and phenotypic data confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis showed that these bacteria belong to the genus Gibbsiella and resembled strains isolated from diseased oaks in Britain and Spain.

Divalent transition-metal-ion stress induces prodigiosin biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor M145: formation of coeligiosins.

The bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor M145 reacts to transition-metal-ion stress with myriad growth responses, leading to different phenotypes. In particular, in the presence of Co(2+) ions (0.7 mM) S.

A single Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase plays a major role in the biosynthesis of PKS and NRPS derived metabolites in Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877.

The phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) are responsible for the activation of the carrier protein domains of the polyketide synthases (PKS), non ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) and fatty acid synthases (FAS). The analysis of the Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 genome has revealed the presence of four putative PPTase encoding genes. One of these genes appears to be essential and is likely involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.

Sulphoglycolysis in Escherichia coli K-12 closes a gap in the biogeochemical sulphur cycle.

Sulphoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulphoglucose) has been known for 50 years as the polar headgroup of the plant sulpholipid in the photosynthetic membranes of all higher plants, mosses, ferns, algae and most photosynthetic bacteria. It is also found in some non-photosynthetic bacteria, and SQ is part of the surface layer of some Archaea. The estimated annual production of SQ is 10,000,000,000 tonnes (10 petagrams), thus it comprises a major portion of the organo-sulphur in nature, where SQ is degraded by bacteria.

Genome mining of Streptomyces ambofaciens.

Since the discovery of the streptomycin produced by Streptomyces griseus in the middle of the last century, members of this bacterial genus have been largely exploited for the production of secondary metabolites with wide uses in medicine and in agriculture. They have even been recognized as one of the most prolific producers of natural products among microorganisms. With the onset of the genomic era, it became evident that these microorganisms still represent a major source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites.