Effect of long-term climbing training on cerebellar ataxia: a case series.

Background. Efficient therapy for both limb and gait ataxia is required. Climbing, a complex task for the whole motor system involving balance, body stabilization, and the simultaneous coordination of all 4 limbs, may have therapeutic potential.

Effect of repetitive arm cycling following botulinum toxin injection for poststroke spasticity: evidence from FMRI.

Background And Objective: Investigations were performed to establish if repetitive arm cycling training enhances the antispastic effect of intramuscular botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in postischemic spastic hemiparesis. Effects on cerebral activation were evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods: Eight chronic spastic hemisyndrome patients (49 ± 10 years) after middle cerebral artery infarction (5.

Conduction velocity of nerve and muscle fiber action potentials after a space mission or a bed rest.

Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to study the readaptation of a human muscle after a prolonged stay in microgravity and after a bed rest of several months.

Methods: The surface electromyogram of the soleus muscle was recorded in 6 cosmonauts and 6 bed rest subjects at 5 different torque levels and, in addition, the direct muscle responses (M responses) to supramaximal stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve were also recorded in the bed rest subjects. In a supplementary experiment in normal subjects, M response was recorded with an array of electrodes.