Patient-Controlled Analgesia and Length of Hospital Stay in Orthognathic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The objective of this prospective, randomized controlled pilot study of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery was to compare the hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) versus patients receiving scheduled and as-needed oral analgesia.

Patients And Methods: A total of 40 patients (19 male and 21 female patients) aged 16 to 56 years (mean, 20.73 years; standard deviation, 6.

The effect of mouthguard design on respiratory function in athletes.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that 2 types of custom-made mouthguards will have no effect on ventilation (.V(E), L·min⁻¹), oxygen uptake (.VO₂, mL·kg⁻¹·min·⁻¹), and heart rate (beats per minutes) at varying exercise intensities (10 km·h⁻¹ and 12 km·h⁻¹) and at subjective maximal effort (.