Attending doctors' perspectives on how residents learn.

Context: Graduate medical education is currently facing major educational reforms. There is a lack of empirical evidence in the literature about the learning processes of residents in the clinical workplace. This qualitative study uses a 'grounded theory' approach to continue the development of a theoretical framework of learning in the clinical workplace by adding the perspective of attending doctors.

The influence of context on residents' evaluations: effects of priming on clinical judgment and affect.

Different lines of research have suggested that context is important in acting and learning in the clinical workplace. It is not clear how contextual information influences residents' constructions of the situations in which they participate. The category accessibility paradigm from social psychology appears to offer an interesting perspective for studying this topic.

How residents learn: qualitative evidence for the pivotal role of clinical activities.

Objectives: Medical councils worldwide have outlined new standards for postgraduate medical education. This means that residency programmes will have to integrate modern educational views into the clinical workplace. Postgraduate medical education is often characterised as a process of learning from experience.

[Cyclic vomiting in children].

Two girls aged 13 and 10 suffered from recurrent episodes of severe vomiting. After excluding underlying pathological conditions the diagnosis of cyclic-vomiting syndrome was made. They were treated by intravenous fluid suppletion and drugs such as propranolol, pizotiphene, diclophenac, granisetron, lorazepam and pantoprazole.

S100 protein content of umbilical cord blood in healthy newborns in relation to mode of delivery.

Background: Early detection and quantification of brain damage in neonatal asphyxia is important. In adults, S100 protein in blood is associated with damage to the central nervous system.

Objective: To determine whether S100 protein can be detected in arterial and venous cord blood of healthy newborns and to relate S100 protein concentrations in cord blood to mode of delivery.

Breath holding spells in a 3-day-old neonate: an unusual early presentation in a family with a history of breath holding spells.

Breath holding spells are common in childhood. They peak about 2 years of age and abate by 5 years of age; they are rare before 6 months of age. We report a case of cyanotic breath holding spells starting at the age of 3 days.

[Urine incontinence in childhood; the importance of a good micturition history].

Four children, three girls aged 9, 5.5 and 6.5 years, and a boy aged 8 years, suffered from urinary incontinence.

[An infant with pain and meningeal irritation due to Guillain-Barré syndrome].

In a five-month-old girl, who for a week had cried and displayed a relapse in the motor development, generalised hypotonia and meningism were found. Eventually, the results of the cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electromyography indicated Guillain-Barré syndrome. She was treated with immunoglobulins and made a quick recovery.

Bilateral sequential facial palsy during chickenpox.

Unlabelled: Facial palsy is a rare neurological complication of chickenpox. A 5-year-old girl exhibited a right facial palsy followed by the appearance of the characteristic chicken pox exanthem. Subsequently she suffered a left facial palsy.

[Hypertonic dehydration in "silent" malnutrition of breast-fed infants].

Two firstborn, breast-fed infants (delivery at home) were admitted to the hospital in a critical state of hypernatraemic dehydration. Case 1, a boy aged 13 days, had suffered 1220 g loss of weight since birth (31%), his serum sodium concentration was 180 mmol/l. Case 2, a girl aged 7 days, had lost 610 g since birth (18%); her serum sodium level was 159 mmol/l.

[Borrelia lymphocytoma ('winter ears') in children].

Two cases of Borrelia lymphocytoma are reported. The skin lesions were located on the ear margin or lobe. They were swollen, red and painful on touching.