The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: recent advances in a changing climate.

Background: The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is a Laminariales species widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its physiology and ecology have been studied since the 1960s, given its ecological relevance on western temperate coasts. However, research interest has been rising recently, driven mainly by reports of negative impacts of anthropogenically induced environmental change and by the increased commercial interest in cultivating the species, with several industrial applications for the resulting biomass.

High Ecophysiological Plasticity of (Phaeophyceae) Present in an Arctic Fjord under Varying Salinity and Irradiance Conditions.

The seaweed (Phaeophyceae) is distributed in the temperate zone of the North Atlantic up to the Arctic, where it is exposed to a high Arctic light regime and fluctuating salinity conditions resulting from glacial and terrestrial run-off. Information on how this species is able to thrive under current and future Arctic conditions is scarce. During the Arctic summer of 2019, was collected in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78.

Outcomes in accommodative esotropia with a high AC/A ratio.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to report the outcomes of high AC/A ratio accommodative esotropia (AET) among children.

Methods: The medical records of all children <19 years diagnosed with accommodative esotropia and a high AC/A ratio while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 2004, were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A total of 512 patients were diagnosed with AET during the 30-year study period, of which 395 (77.

Mitophagy alterations in Alzheimer's disease are associated with granulovacuolar degeneration and early tau pathology.

Introduction: The cytoprotective PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN) pathway selectively labels damaged mitochondria with phosphorylated ubiquitin (pS65-Ub) for their autophagic removal (mitophagy). Because dysfunctions of mitochondria and degradation pathways are early features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitophagy impairments may contribute to the pathogenesis.

Methods: Morphology, levels, and distribution of the mitophagy tag pS65-Ub were evaluated by biochemical analyses combined with tissue and single cell imaging in AD autopsy brain and in transgenic mouse models.

Ipsilateral gaze deviation as a risk factor for surgical overcorrection in two-muscle surgery for unilateral superior oblique palsy.

Purpose: To investigate the angle of deviation in various gaze positions as a risk factor for overcorrection of moderate-angle unilateral trochlear nerve palsies treated with two-muscle surgery.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients with presumed unilateral moderate-angle trochlear nerve palsy who underwent two-muscle surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with overcorrection, defined as reversal of hyperdeviation by prism alternate cover testing at distance (straight ahead) or near measured at 6 weeks, were compared to non-overcorrected patients for their preoperative torsion and ocular alignment at near and distance.

Tau and apolipoprotein E modulate cerebrovascular tight junction integrity independent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular pathologies including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation are prominent features in the majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases.

Methods: We performed neuropathologic and biochemical studies on a large, neuropathologically confirmed human AD cohort (N = 469). Amounts of endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 (CLDN5) and occludin (OCLN), and major AD-related molecules (amyloid beta [Aβ40], Aβ42, tau, p-tau, and apolipoprotein E) in the temporal cortex were assessed by ELISA.

Cost Analysis of R-CHOP Dose-Adjusted R-EPOCH in Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with High-Risk Features.

Dose-adjusted rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (DA.R-EPOCH) is used for upfront treatment of high-risk diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this study, we compared the outcomes in patients with high-risk DLBCL who received frontline rituximab, cycophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP) or DA.

Association of Tripartite Motif Containing 11 rs564309 With Tau Pathology in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Background: Intronic variant rs564309 in tripartite motif containing 11 (TRIM11) is associated with clinical phenotypic differences in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), whereby the minor allele (A) is more common in atypical PSP than typical PSP (PSP-Richardson's syndrome). However, rs564309 has not been investigated relative to neuropathological outcomes.

Objective: Evaluate the association of rs564309 with the neuropathologically assessed severity of tau pathology, as measured by semi-quantitative scores for neurofibrillary tangles, tufted astrocytes, neuropil threads, and oligodendroglial coiled bodies.

Creation of a score to predict risk of high conscious sedation requirements in patients undergoing endoscopy.

Background And Aims: The administration of intravenous conscious sedation to patients undergoing GI endoscopy carries a risk of cardiopulmonary adverse events. Our study aim was to create a score that stratifies the risk of occurrence of either high-dose conscious sedation requirements or a failed procedure.

Methods: Patients receiving endoscopy via endoscopist-directed conscious sedation were included.

A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial Comparing Platelet-Rich Plasma to Topical Minoxidil Foam for Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia in Women.

Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder. Studies have demonstrated successful treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in men, but studies in women are few.

Objective: To evaluate PRP in the treatment of AGA in women, compared with topical minoxidil.

Monoclonal antibody utilization characteristics in patients with multiple myeloma.

This study analyzed 91 multiple myeloma patients who received two monoclonal antibodies, Daratumumab and Elotuzumab, over a year and report the adverse event profile, infusion practices and utilization of these drugs in the real world. All current reported data on monoclonal antibodies is from clinical trials, without any real-world experience. Patients from Mayo Clinic Florida or Arizona diagnosed with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who were treated with Daratumumab or Elotuzumab alone or in combination between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016 were included in the analysis.

Hepatic iron overload identified by magnetic resonance imaging-based T2* is a predictor of non-diagnostic elastography.

Background: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive test used to assess liver stiffness and fibrosis in chronic liver disease, which includes systemic iron overload. However, iron deposition by itself is associated with technical failure of MRE of the liver which necessitates the use of invasive liver biopsy as an alternative monitoring method for these patients. T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*) is a reliable modality to asses for hepatic as well as total body iron overload.

Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of the Combination of Tazarotene, Azelaic Acid, Tacrolimus, and Zinc Oxide for the Treatment of Melasma: A Pilot Study.

Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder of the skin. Combination therapy of topical retinoids, corticosteroids, and hydroquinone has been effective in treating melasma, but long-term use is limited by corticosteroid atrophy and exogenous ochronosis. The aim of this pilot study (NCT02730819) was to determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel composition (2013-MCN-333) comprising tazarotene 0.

Association between contact sports participation and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a retrospective cohort study.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder associated with repetitive traumatic brain injuries often sustained through prior contact sport participation. The frequency of this disorder in a diverse population, including amateur athletes, is unknown. Primary historical obituary and yearbook records were queried for 2566 autopsy cases in the Mayo Clinic Tissue Registry resulting in identification of 300 former athletes and 450 non-athletes.

Cost-Utility of Routine Testing in Chronic Urticaria/Angioedema: A Cohort Study.

Background: Chronic urticaria/angioedema (CUA) guidelines recommend limiting tests to diagnose and assess prognosis, activity, and severity. Routine testing in CUA might substantially increase cost of disease without benefiting outcome.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of tests in CUA and how they influence the cost of disease.

Outcomes of Unilateral Cataracts in Infants and Toddlers 7 to 24 Months of Age: Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS).

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of unilateral cataract surgery in children 7 to 24 months of age.

Design: Retrospective case series at 10 Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) sites.

Participants: The Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study is a registry of children treated by surgeons who participated in the IATS.

Stroke in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection undergoing transvenous lead removal.

Background: Stroke can be a devastating complication in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection. Paradoxical septic embolism can occur in the presence of device leads and patent foramen ovale (PFO) via embolic dislodgment during transvenous lead removal (TLR).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine stroke and its associated factors in patients undergoing TLR for CIED infection.

Incidence and Ocular Features of Pediatric Myasthenias.

Purpose: To report the incidence, demographics, and ocular findings of children with myasthenia.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The medical records of all children (<19 years) examined at Mayo Clinic with any form of myasthenia from January 1 1966, through December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed.

Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Aims: Nephrolithiasis is known to be associated with several systemic diseases including chronic kidney disease and renal failure, which can also occur as a complication of chronic liver disease (CLD). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of nephrolithiasis in patients with CLD.

Methods: A short survey was completed by 198 patients with CLD and 322 controls matched by age, sex, and state of residence.

Parkinson-Associated SNCA Enhancer Variants Revealed by Open Chromatin in Mouse Dopamine Neurons.

The progressive loss of midbrain (MB) dopaminergic (DA) neurons defines the motor features of Parkinson disease (PD), and modulation of risk by common variants in PD has been well established through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We acquired open chromatin signatures of purified embryonic mouse MB DA neurons because we anticipated that a fraction of PD-associated genetic variation might mediate the variants' effects within this neuronal population. Correlation with >2,300 putative enhancers assayed in mice revealed enrichment for MB cis-regulatory elements (CREs), and these data were reinforced by transgenic analyses of six additional sequences in zebrafish and mice.

Peripheral blood biomarkers correlate with outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung Cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Background: Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies have demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in a subset of patients with metastatic or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, no blood biomarkers have been identified in NSCLC to predict clinical outcomes of treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Patient And Methods: We performed an analysis of retrospectively registered data of 157 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies at Mayo Clinic in Florida and Rochester.

Comparing morbidity rates between wise pattern and standard horizontal elliptical mastectomy incisions in patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction.

Background: Breast cancer patients with ptotic breasts pursuing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction can present challenges. A wise pattern (inverted-T) mastectomy incision (WPM) has been suggested as an alternative to the standard horizontal elliptical mastectomy (EM) to reduce redundant skin and correct ptosis. Herein, we sought to examine the differences in morbidity between the two techniques.