Patients with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis and Variants: Molecular and Clinical Description and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation.

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis (THD) is a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases caused by the total or partial defect in the synthesis or secretion of thyroid hormones. Genetic variants in can cause partial to total iodination organification defects and clinical heterogeneity, from transient to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to undertake a molecular characterization and genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with THD and candidate variants in .

Clinical and molecular study of patients with thyroid dyshormogenesis and variants in the gene.

Introduction: Defects in any thyroid hormone synthesis steps cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis (THD). THD due to () gene variants is a cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild to severe permanent hypothyroidism. We present high-throughput sequencing results of patients with variants.

Pituitary macroadenomas in childhood and adolescence: a clinical analysis of 7 patients.

Background: Pituitary adenomas (PPAs) are uncommon in childhood and adolescence, accounting for 2-6% of all intracranial neoplasms. Delayed puberty, growth retardation, galactorrhea and weight gain are common features at presentation in pediatric patients. Functional tumors constitute a vast majority (90%) of PPAs, with the most frequent being prolactinomas.

Contribution of Dynamic and Genetic Tests for Short Stature Diagnosing: A Case Report.

Genetic tests have led to the discovery of many novel genetic variants related to growth failure, but the clinical significance of some results is not always easy to establish. The aim of this report is to describe both clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics in an adult patient with short stature associated with a homozygous variant in disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs type 17 gene () combined with a homozygous variant in the GH secretagogue receptor (). The index case had severe short stature (SS) (-3.

Genetics and Natural History of Non-pancreatectomized Patients With Congenital Hyperinsulinism Due to Variants in ABCC8.

Context: Patients with congenital hyperinsulinism due to ABCC8 variants generally present severe hypoglycemia and those who do not respond to medical treatment typically undergo pancreatectomy. Few data exist on the natural history of non-pancreatectomized patients.

Objective: This work aims to describe the genetic characteristics and natural history in a cohort of non-pancreatectomized patients with congenital hyperinsulinism due to variants in the ABCC8 gene.

Myocardial tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1 mapping and pericardial fat quantification in adolescents with morbid obesity. Cardiac dimorphism by gender.

Purpose: Changes in the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) identified using T1 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) have been only reported in obese adults, but with opposite conclusions. The objectives are to assess the composition of the myocardial ECM in an obese pediatric population without type 2 diabetes by quantifying native T1 time, and to quantify the pericardial fat index (PFI) and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Observational case-control research of 25 morbidly obese adolescents and 13 normal-weight adolescents.

Different profiles of lipoprotein particles associate various degrees of cardiac involvement in adolescents with morbid obesity.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia secondary to obesity is a risk factor related to cardiovascular disease events, however a pathological conventional lipid profile (CLP) is infrequently found in obese children. The objective is to evaluate the advanced lipoprotein testing (ALT) and its relationship with cardiac changes, metabolic syndrome (MS) and inflammatory markers in a population of morbidly obese adolescents with normal CLP and without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the most common scenario in obese adolescents.

Methods: Prospective case-control research of 42 morbidly obese adolescents and 25 normal-weight adolescents, whose left ventricle (LV) morphology and function had been assessed.

Novel variant in as a cause of different sex development with partial gonadal dysgenesis associated with microcephaly, eye defects, and distal phalangeal hypoplasia of both thumbs: Case report.

The palmitoylation of the Hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens, named sonic hedgehog (SHH), desert hedgehog (DHH), and Indian hedgehog (IHH), is crucial for effective short- and long-range signaling. The hedgehog acyltransferase (HHAT) attaches the palmitate molecule to the Hh; therefore, variants in cause a broad spectrum of phenotypes. A missense novel variant c.

A New Variant in an Infant With Microphallus and Hypospadias With Hormonal Pattern Suggesting Partial Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-Case Report.

(X chromosome) is one of the recognized genes related to different sex development. It is expressed in testis and ovaries and seems to be involved in fetal sex development and in adult reproductive function, including testosterone biosynthesis. However, its exact role remains unclear.

Prenatal dexamethasone treatment for classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Europe.

Objective: To assess the current medical practice in Europe regarding prenatal dexamethasone (Pdex) treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Design And Methods: A questionnaire was designed and distributed, including 17 questions collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Thirty-six medical centres from 14 European countries responded and 30 out of 36 centres were reference centres of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions, EndoERN.

Prolyl Endopeptidase-like Deficiency Associated with Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Prolyl endopeptidase-like () deficiency (MIM#616224) is a rare congenital disorder characterised by neonatal hypotonia and feeding difficulties, growth hormone (GH) deficiency and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. This syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in the gene (MIM#609557). Herein we report a 7-year-old female patient with biallelic mutations in (c.

Myocardial Geometry and Dysfunction in Morbidly Obese Adolescents (BMI 35-40 kg/m).

This study evaluated the preclinical effect of obesity on the ventricular remodeling in adolescents with morbid obesity, and determined if subjects labelled as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) presented better heart index than those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Prospective case-control research of 45 adolescents (14-year-old) with morbid obesity and 25 normal weight adolescents' gender- and age-matched with Tanner stage 4-5. Left ventricle (LV) was evaluated by conventional Doppler echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.

Gene expression signatures predict response to therapy with growth hormone.

Recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) is used as a therapeutic agent for disorders of growth including growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Turner syndrome (TS). Treatment is costly and current methods to model response are inexact. GHD (n = 71) and TS patients (n = 43) were recruited to study response to r-hGH over 5 years.

Phenotypic Variability of Patients With PAX8 Variants Presenting With Congenital Hypothyroidism and Eutopic Thyroid.

Purpose: Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases produced by a total/partial blockage of the biochemical processes of thyroid-hormone synthesis and secretion. Paired box 8 (PAX8) is essential for thyroid morphogenesis and thyroid hormone synthesis. We aimed to identify PAX8 variants in patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis and to analyze them with in vitro functional studies.

Growth Hormone Treatment and Papilledema: A Prospective Pilot Study.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) in children treated with growth hormone (GH) in a paediatric hospital and to identify risk factors for this complication.

Methods: Prospective pilot study of paediatric patients treated with recombinant human GH, prescribed by the Paediatric Endocrinology Department, between February 2013 and September 2017. In all these patients, a fundus examination was performed before starting treatment and 3-4 months later.

[Diagnostic accuracy of the tri-ponderal mass index in identifying the unhealthy metabolic obese phenotype in obese patients].

Introduction: The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype defines obese patients who have preserved insulin sensitivity and absence of metabolic complications. This phenotype is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes in adulthood.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MHO and the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype in a cohort of obese children and adolescents and to establish the predictive capacity of the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and other anthropometric parameters in order to identify these patients.

Hypophosphatasia: A Novel Mutation Associated with an Atypical Newborn Presentation.

Hypophosphatasia, a rare genetic disease affecting bone metabolism, is characterized by decreased activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). The gene encoding TNAP has considerable allelic heterogeneity, which could explain different degrees of enzyme activity resulting in a wide clinical variability. We report the case of a preterm newborn in whom a corneal opacity was detected at birth.

Safety Outcomes During Pediatric GH Therapy: Final Results From the Prospective GeNeSIS Observational Program.

Context: Safety concerns have been raised regarding premature mortality, diabetes, neoplasia, and cerebrovascular disease in association with GH therapy.

Objective: To assess incidence of key safety outcomes.

Design: Prospective, multinational, observational study (1999 to 2015).

[Body mass index and tri-ponderal mass index of 1,453 healthy non-obese, non-undernourished millennial children. The Barcelona longitudinal growth study].

Introduction: Body mass index-for age (BMI) and tri-ponderal mass index-for-age (TMI) values of healthy non-underweight, non-obese millennial children have not been reported until now. We aimed to obtain these values.

Subjects And Methods: Longitudinal growth study (1995-2017) of 1,453 healthy non-underweight, non-obese millennial children, from birth (n = 477) or from 4 years of age (n = 976) to 18 years in girls and 19 years in boys (25,851 anthropometric measurements).

[Pubertal growth of 1,453 healthy children according to age at pubertal growth spurt onset. The Barcelona longitudinal growth study].

Introduction: Pubertal growth pattern differs according to age at pubertal growth spurt onset which occurs over a five years period (girls: 8-13 years, boys: 10-15 years). The need for more than one pubertal reference pattern has been proposed. We aimed to obtain five 1-year-age-interval pubertal patterns.

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, renal Fanconi syndrome and liver disease due to a mutation in the gene.

Summary: gene mutations have been reported in cases of transient and persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy (HHI), particularly in families with adulthood diabetes. The case of a patient with HHI, liver impairment and renal tubulopathy due to a mutation in is reported.

Learning Points: Urine specimen study in cases of HHI with diazoxide response is necessary to rule out specific metabolic conditions (l-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency) or tubular renal involvement.

Adiponectin, Leptin and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-associated Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is more common in HIV-infected adults and children than in the general population. Adipocytokines and inflammatory markers may contribute to the pathophysiology of this condition and could be useful indices for monitoring MetS. The objective of this study was to provide information on the prevalence of MetS and investigate the role of adipocytokines and other biomarkers in this syndrome in HIV-infected pediatric patients.

Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. It is well known that the prevalence of metabolic disorders have increased in pediatric HIV-infected children. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and characteristics of MetS in HIV-infected children and adolescents in Spain.