Poly-D,L-lactic acid polymer and cochlear implantation.

This case report describes a peculiar and innovative fixing procedure with a Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) polymer in the unusual case of magnet dislodgment and rupture of the cochlear implant (CI) silicone sheath holding the magnet.

Post-Operative Patients' Satisfaction and Quality of Life Assessment in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS).

Background: The treatment for severe OSAS includes maxillomandibular advancement surgical option in selected cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-operative impact of bimaxillary surgery on satisfaction and consequently the quality of life of these patients.

Methods: This study included 18 patients with severe OSAS who received maxillomandibular advancement surgery.

Ipsilateral Nasoseptal Flap Pedicle for Transpterygoid Approach: Technical Note.

Introduction: Transpterygoid approach is an expanded endonasal approach (EEA) that allows surgical access to the medial infratemporal fossa, to the skull base area of petrous bone and to the Meckel's cave. During this approach, a sacrifice of sphenopalatine artery is often required, leading to the need of contralateral Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap (HBF) or alternative reconstructive techniques.

Materials And Methods: We report a case of spontaneous CSF leak due to a meningo-encephalocele in the left lateral recess of sphenoid sinus, in which an ispilateral nasoseptal flap was harvest and sphenopalatine artery was preserved.

A metabolic inhibitor arms macrophages to kill intracellular fungal pathogens by manipulating zinc homeostasis.

Macrophages deploy numerous strategies to combat invasion by microbes. One tactic is to restrict acquisition of diverse nutrients, including trace metals, a process termed nutritional immunity. Intracellular pathogens adapt to a resource-poor environment by marshaling mechanisms to harvest nutrients.

Clinical and Radiological Predictors of Biochemical Response to First-Line Treatment With Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly: A Real-Life Perspective.

Background: First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs) represent the first-line medical treatment for acromegaly, recommended in patients with persistent disease after neurosurgery, or when surgical approach is not feasible. Despite the lack of strong recommendations from guidelines and consensus statements, data from national Registries report an increasing use of medical therapy as first-line treatment in acromegaly.

Objective: We retrospectively evaluated the potential role of a large number of clinical and radiological parameters in predicting the biochemical response to 6-month treatment with fg-SRLs, in a cohort of naïve acromegaly patients referred to a single tertiary center for pituitary diseases.

In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Peptides Derived from 14-3-3 spp. Protein.

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic disease that causes sequelae and requires prolonged treatment; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary. In view of this, three peptides from 14-3-3 protein were selected based on its immunogenicity and therapeutic potential.

Methods: The in vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of the 14-3-3 peptides were evaluated.

Accuracy of splint vs splintless technique for virtually planned orthognathic surgery: A voxel-based three-dimensional analysis.

Purpose: This study compared two transferring methods for virtually planned orthognathic surgery - the CAD/CAM intermediate splint and the customized surgical guide with fixation plates.

Methods: This was a prospective clinical study in which participants were consecutively recruited and underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. They were divided into two groups based on the transferring method used.

Discordant GH and IGF-1 Results in Treated Acromegaly: Impact of GH Cutoffs and Mean Values Assessment.

Context: Discordant growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values are frequent in acromegaly.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different GH cutoffs on discordance rate. To investigate whether the mean of consecutive GH measurements impacts discordance rate when matched to the last available IGF-1 value.

In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Activity of Limonene against Different Isolates of spp.

Commensal yeast from the genus is part of the healthy human microbiota. In some cases, spp. dysbiosis can result in candidiasis, the symptoms of which may vary from mild localized rashes to severe disseminated infections.

The role of external ventricular drainage for the management of posterior cranial fossa tumours: a systematic review.

Posterior cranial fossa tumours frequently develop hydrocephalus as first presentation in up to 80% of paediatric patients and 21.4% of adults, although it resolves after tumour removal in 70-90% and 96%, respectively. New onset hydrocephalus is reported in about 2.

Type I Interferons Rule with an Iron Fist.

Pathogens rely on nutrient assimilation, particularly essential metal incorporation, to successfully survive in the host. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Riedelberger et al. (2020) convincingly demonstrate that type I interferons (IFNs-I) promote dysregulation of iron homeostasis in macrophages upon infection with Candida glabrata and exacerbate infection.

Evaluation of IL6, IL10 and VDR alleles distribution in an Italian large sample of subjects affected by chronic periodontal disease.

In recent decades, the role played by the immune response to bacteria in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease (PD) has long been studied. Although from the clinical point of view, adequate oral hygiene is essential to ensure a satisfactory response of the host to infections, modulation of the reaction of immune system could be influenced by genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of alleles of polymorphisms relevant for chronic periodontitis in a sample of adult subjects affected by chronic PD.

A hydrosilver gel for plaque control in adults affected by chronic periodontitis: Effects on the 'red complex' bacterial load. A prospective longitudinal pilot study using polymerase chain reaction analysis.

In subjects affected by chronic periodontitis, the chemical control of plaque is a strategy aiming primarily at controlling infection and bacterial loading. The aim is to evaluate the bacterial loading of the so-called 'red complex' associated with a short-term use of a hydrosilver gel (HSG) by using an model in adult subjects affected by chronic periodontitis. This prospective short-term clinical trial involved 10 adult volunteers using a 15-day model.

Use of CAD-CAM technology to improve orthognathic surgery outcomes in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Introduction: Although multilevel surgery is the mainstay treatment for severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), bi-maxillary surgery (maxillomandibular advancement [MMA]) is the most efficacious single procedure for the expansion of the whole pharyngeal airway. MMA is an alternative to the gold standard of continuous positive airway pressure and is equivalent to tracheotomy.

Patients And Method: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology was used to virtually assess the degree of mandibular and/or maxillary advancement and rotation required to obtain adequate posterior airway space (PAS) in eight patients (seven males, one female).

Modified Endoscopic Diving Technique without the Traditional Irrigation System in Endoscopic Cranial Base Surgery: Technical Note.

Background: We describe a modified endoscopic diving technique with an alternative irrigation system different than the one used by Locatelli et al. (CLEARVISION II, Karl Storz and Co., Tuttlingen, Germany).

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Virtual Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: A Morphometric Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively test the accuracy of computer-aided orthognathic surgery comparing the virtual surgical planning with the three-dimensional (3D) outcome.

Methods: Patients that underwent computer-assisted orthognathic surgery were retrospectively evaluated. The postoperative results were compared with the surgical plan, superimposing the postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan onto the virtual plan.

Host membrane glycosphingolipids and lipid microdomains facilitate Histoplasma capsulatum internalisation by macrophages.

Recognition and internalisation of intracellular pathogens by host cells is a multifactorial process, involving both stable and transient interactions. The plasticity of the host cell plasma membrane is fundamental in this infectious process. Here, the participation of macrophage lipid microdomains during adhesion and internalisation of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) was investigated.

Fibula free flap pedicle ossification: Experience of two centres and a review of the literature.

Purpose: The osteogenic potential of vascularized periosteum has been described in a few cases in the literature, and many different factors have been pointed out as plausible. Our aim was to review the literature in order to give a complete overview of this topic and to report on our clinical experience.

Patients & Methods: Our experience includes three patients who underwent maxillectomy and FFF reconstruction.

Cryptococcus neoformans urease affects the outcome of intracellular pathogenesis by modulating phagolysosomal pH.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen and its interaction with macrophages is a key event determining the outcome of infection. Urease is a major virulence factor in C. neoformans but its role during macrophage interaction has not been characterized.

The Outcome of the Macrophage Interaction Depends on Phagolysosomal Membrane Integrity.

is a fungal pathogen with worldwide distribution. resides within mature phagolysosomes where it often evades killing and replicates. induces phagolysosomal membrane permeabilization (PMP), but the mechanism for this phenomenon and its consequences for macrophage viability are unknown.

Conservation of Intracellular Pathogenic Strategy among Distantly Related Cryptococcal Species.

The genus includes several species pathogenic for humans. Until recently, the two major pathogenic species were recognized to be and We compared the interaction of murine macrophages with three species complex strains (WM179, R265, and WM161, representing molecular types VGI, VGIIa, and VGIII, respectively) and one species complex strain (H99, molecular type VNI) to ascertain similarities and differences in the yeast intracellular pathogenic strategy. The parameters analyzed included nonlytic exocytosis frequency, phagolysosomal pH, intracellular capsular growth, phagolysosomal membrane permeabilization, and macrophage transcriptional response, assessed using time-lapse microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and gene expression microarray analysis.

Proanthocyanidin polymeric tannins from Stryphnodendron adstringens are effective against Candida spp. isolates and for vaginal candidiasis treatment.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The stem bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville is popularly used as anti-inflammatory, astringent and in the treatment of wounds and vaginal infections. Several pharmacological activities have been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo experimental assays for antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoan, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

Candida albicans FRE8 encodes a member of the NADPH oxidase family that produces a burst of ROS during fungal morphogenesis.

Until recently, NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes were thought to be a property of multicellularity, where the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NOX acts in signaling processes or in attacking invading microbes through oxidative damage. We demonstrate here that the unicellular yeast and opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans is capable of a ROS burst using a member of the NOX enzyme family, which we identify as Fre8. C.