Automated acute pain prediction in domestic goats using deep learning-based models on video-recordings.

Facial expressions are essential in animal communication, and facial expression-based pain scales have been developed for different species. Automated pain recognition offers a valid alternative to manual annotation with growing evidence across species. This study applied machine learning (ML) methods, using a pre-trained VGG-16 base and a Support Vector Machine classifier to automate pain recognition in caprine patients in hospital settings, evaluating different frame extraction rates and validation techniques.

Greater ischiatic notch plane versus parasacral block in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery: a retrospective noninferiority cohort study on perioperative opioid consumption.

Objective: To compare perioperative opioid consumption in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgeries and receiving a lumbosacral plexus block by combining a lumbar [lateral pre-iliac (LPI)] block with a lumbosacral trunk [i.e. parasacral (PS group) or greater ischiatic notch plane (GIN group)] block.

Ultrasound-guided retromammillary injections in dogs: a feasibility, descriptive and anatomical study.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of an ultrasound-guided technique targeting the medial branches of the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerves (DRSN) by injecting a dye solution at the caudal aspect of the base of lumbar mammillary processes [i.e. the retromammillary (RM) space].

Ultrasound-Guided Greater Ischiatic Notch Plane Block Combined with the Caudal Quadratus Lumborum Block (GIN-TONIC Block) in Dogs Undergoing Pelvic Limb Surgery: Preliminary Results.

This study assessed the analgesic and motor effects of the GIN-TONIC block, a combination of the greater ischiatic notch plane block and the caudal lateral quadratus lumborum block, in 24 dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery. Dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups: G received acepromazine [(20 µg kg intravenously (IV)] as premedication, and G received dexmedetomidine (2 µg kg IV). General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and both groups received a GIN-TONIC block using 2% lidocaine.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single-dose enteral cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp in horses ().

The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of cannabinoids and their metabolites were determined in eight horses after enteral administration of a commercial CBD/CBDA-rich hemp oil product. Each horse was administered 2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg CBD/CBDA or no treatment in a randomized cross-over design. Serial serum samples collected over 48 h were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Erector spinae plane block in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the perioperative cumulative opioid consumption and the incidence of cardiovascular complications in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy in which either an erector spinae plane (ESP) block or systemic opioids were administered.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 60 client-owned dogs.

Ultrasound-guided and 'blind' sciatic nerve injection techniques: Comparison in rat cadavers.

Objective: To compare the success rate and extent of sciatic nerve staining with a bupivacaine-dye solution using two injection techniques: 'blind' or ultrasound-guided approach.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental, randomized, cadaveric study.

Animals: Adult female Wistar rat cadavers [n = 24, mass 352 g (323-374)].

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in Wistar rat cadavers: Relevant anatomy and injection distribution.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block by describing the sonoanatomy and comparing the distribution of two volumes of bupivacaine dye solution for nerve staining.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, assessor-blinded cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 40 adult female Wistar rat cadavers.

Haemodynamic effects of labetalol in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs that received dexmedetomidine: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To test whether labetalol improved cardiovascular function in anaesthetized dogs injected with dexmedetomidine.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A group of 20 healthy client-owned dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block combined with the greater ischiatic notch plane block as motor-protective analgesia for the pelvic limb in dogs.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block (C-QLB) technique in canine cadavers and to compare sensory and motor blockade resulting from the combination of ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane and C-QLB approaches (GIN-CQLB group) versus a lumbosacral plexus (LSP group) approach [combination of lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) techniques] in dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study and prospective randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial.

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and six adult Beagle dogs.

Ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization of the articular branches of the cranial gluteal nerve: A canine cadaveric study and feasibility study in dogs.

Objective: To develop and assess the feasibility, as a diagnostic block, of an ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization (L-PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical and feasibility study.

Animals: A total of 11 canine cadavers and eight adult dogs scheduled for acetabular surgical denervation.

A non-inferiority study comparing the ultrasound-guided parasacral with a novel greater ischiatic notch plane approach in canine cadavers.

Objective: To describe the gross and ultrasound anatomy of the parasacral region and an ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane approach aimed at staining the lumbosacral trunk (LST) in canine cadavers. To evaluate if the ultrasound-guided GIN plane approach is non-inferior to the previously described ultrasound-guided parasacral approach at staining the LST.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, non-inferiority experimental anatomic study.

Effect of end-inspiratory pause on airway and physiological dead space in anesthetized horses.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 30% end-inspiratory pause (EIP) on alveolar tidal volume (V), airway (V) and physiological (V) dead spaces in mechanically ventilated horses using volumetric capnography, and to evaluate the effect of EIP on carbon dioxide (CO) elimination per breath (Vcobr), PaCO and the ratio of PaO-to-fractional inspired oxygen (PaO:FiO).

Study Design: Prospective research study.

Animals: A group of eight healthy research horses undergoing laparotomy.

A single-cohort retrospective analysis of factors associated with morbidity and mortality in 193 anesthetized domestic goats.

Objective: To define the morbidity and mortality rates in goats undergoing general anesthesia at a large animal teaching hospital.

Study Design: Retrospective, single-cohort, observational study.

Animals: Records of 193 client-owned goats.

A quantitative evaluation of the effect of foreign body obstruction and enterectomy technique on canine small intestinal microvascular health.

Objective: To investigate sidestream dark field (SDF) videomicroscopy as an objective measure of intestinal viability and determine the effects of enterectomy techniques on intestinal microvasculature in dogs with foreign body obstructions.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 24 dogs with an intestinal foreign body obstruction and 30 systemically healthy dogs.

Lumbosacral plexus block using a combination of ultrasound-guided lateral pre-iliac and parasacral approaches in cats.

Objective: To describe an ultrasound-guided lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) approach in feline cadavers (phase I) and compare the perioperative analgesic use and complications in cats administered LPI and PS blocks (group PNB) or epidural anesthesia (group EPI) for pelvic limb surgery (phase II).

Study Design: Experimental uncontrolled, anatomic and retrospective cohort study.

Animals: A group of eight feline cadavers and 52 medical records.

Endoscopic application of fibrin glue may be a feasible method of treatment for postintubation tracheal lacerations in cats.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of endoscopic application of fibrin glue for the treatment of experimentally induced postintubation tracheal laceration (PITL) in feline cadavers. The secondary objective was to determine the optimal technique for application of the fibrin glue.

Animals: 20 feline cadavers (n = 10 fresh and 10 frozen).

Sedated cesarean sections are associated with increased kid survival compared to general anesthesia in goats: retrospective cohort of 45 cases (2011-2021).

Objective: To determine whether anesthesia type (sedation or general anesthesia) affects kid survival to discharge in caprine cesarean sections (C-sections).

Animals: Retrospective cohort of 99 caprine C-sections (2011-2021).

Procedures: All surgeries were performed via left flank laparotomy in right lateral recumbency.

Pericapsular hip desensitization in dogs: a cadaveric study and case series.

Objective: To develop and assess the efficacy of an ultrasound (US)-guided pericapsular hip desensitization (PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical study and a case series.

Animals: A total of 30 healthy dogs, eight canine cadavers and seven dogs with hip osteoarthritis.