3D-printed sensor decorated with nanomaterials by CO laser ablation and electrochemical treatment for non-enzymatic tyrosine detection.

The combination of CO laser ablation and electrochemical surface treatments is demonstrated to improve the electrochemical performance of carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) 3D-printed electrodes through the growth of flower-like NaO nanostructures on their surface. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the combination of treatments ablated the electrode's polymeric layer, exposing a porous surface where NaO flower-like nanostructures were formed. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrodes was measured by the reversibility of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple presenting a significantly improved performance compared with electrodes treated by only one of the steps.

Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors Enabled by Fused Deposition Modeling-Based 3D Printing: A Guide to Selecting Designs, Printing Parameters, and Post-Treatment Protocols.

The 3D printing (or additive manufacturing, AM) technology is capable to provide a quick and easy production of objects with freedom of design, reducing waste generation. Among the AM techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been highlighted due to its affordability, scalability, and possibility of processing an extensive range of materials (thermoplastics, composites, biobased materials, etc.).

Additively manufactured carbon/black-integrated polylactic acid 3Dprintedsensor for simultaneous quantification of uric acid and zinc in sweat.

For the first time the development of an electrochemical method for simultaneous quantification of Zn and uric acid (UA) in sweat is described using an electrochemically treated 3D-printed working electrode. Sweat analysis can provide important information about metabolites that are valuable indicators of biological processes. Improved performance of the 3D-printed electrode was achieved after electrochemical treatment of its surface in an alkaline medium.

Biosensing strategies for the electrochemical detection of viruses and viral diseases - A review.

Viruses are the causing agents for many relevant diseases, including influenza, Ebola, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Its rapid replication and high transmissibility can lead to serious consequences not only to the individual but also to collective health, causing deep economic impacts. In this scenario, diagnosis tools are of significant importance, allowing the rapid, precise, and low-cost testing of a substantial number of individuals.

3D-printed reduced graphene oxide/polylactic acid electrodes: A new prototyped platform for sensing and biosensing applications.

This work presents a novel procedure involving the sequential chemical treatment to generate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) within 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes and their potential applications for sensing and biosensing. A new configuration of a compact all-3D-printed electrochemical device containing the three electrodes is presented, in which the working electrode was treated to generate rGO within PLA (rGO-PLA) after treatment within NaBH. The rGO-PLA electrodes presented a notable current increase for the redox probe ferrocene-methanol in comparison with the same surface treated by dimethylformamide immersion.

3D-printing pen versus desktop 3D-printers: Fabrication of carbon black/polylactic acid electrodes for single-drop detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.

The fabrication of carbon black/polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes using a 3D printing pen is presented and compared with electrodes obtained by a desktop fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. The 3D pen was used for the fast production of electrodes in two designs using customized 3D printed parts to act as template and guide the reproducible application of the 3D pen: (i) a single working electrode at the bottom of a 3D-printed cylindrical body and (ii) a three-electrode system on a 3D-printed planar substrate. Both devices were electrochemically characterized using the redox probe [Fe(CN)] via cyclic voltammetry, which presented similar performance to an FDM 3D-printed electrode or a commercial screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) regarding peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) and current density.

Additive-manufactured (3D-printed) electrochemical sensors: A critical review.

Additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D)-printing is an emerging technology that has been applied in the development of novel materials and devices for a wide range of applications, including Electrochemistry and Analytical Chemistry areas. This review article focuses on the contributions of 3D-printing technology to the development of electrochemical sensors and complete electrochemical sensing devices. Due to the recent contributions of 3D-printing within this scenario, the aim of this review is to present a guide for new users of 3D-printing technology considering the required features for improved electrochemical sensing using 3D-printed sensors.

Trace manganese detection via differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry using disposable electrodes: additively manufactured nanographite electrochemical sensing platforms.

Additive manufacturing is a promising technology for the rapid and economical fabrication of portable electroanalytical devices. In this paper we seek to determine how our bespoke additive manufacturing feedstocks act as the basis of an electrochemical sensing platform towards the sensing of manganese(ii) via differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV), despite the electrode comprising only 25 wt% nanographite and 75 wt% plastic (polylactic acid). The Additive Manufactured electrodes (AM-electrodes) are also critically compared to graphite screen-printed macroelectrodes (SPEs) and both are explored in model and real tap-water samples.

Complete Additively Manufactured (3D-Printed) Electrochemical Sensing Platform.

Herein, we report a complete additively manufactured (AM) electrochemical sensing platform. In this approach, a fully AM/3D-printed electrochemical system, using a conventional low-cost 3D printer (fused deposition modeling) fabricating both the conductive electrodes and the nonconductive/chemically inert electrochemical cell is reported. The electrodes (working, counter, and pseudo-reference) are AM using a conductive fused-filament comprised of a mixture of carbon black nanoparticles and polylactic acid (CB/PLA).

Indirect determination of formaldehyde by square-wave voltammetry based on the electrochemical oxidation of 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine using an unmodified glassy-carbon electrode.

A novel and indirect voltammetric procedure for the selective determination of formaldehyde is described. It is based on the oxidation of 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) on an unmodified glassy-carbon electrode (GCE), generated by the selective reaction between formaldehyde and acetylacetone. A single oxidation peak of DDL at +0.

A flow injection procedure using Layered Double Hydroxide for on line pre-concentration of fluoride.

This work showed a flow system designed with solenoid valves for preconcentration of fluoride using SPADNS method in water samples. The analyte was preconcentrated in a mini-column coated with Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) used as adsorbent. Then, the fluoride ions were eluted with 0.

Portable electrochemical system using screen-printed electrodes for monitoring corrosion inhibitors.

This work presents a portable electrochemical system for the continuous monitoring of corrosion inhibitors in a wide range of matrices including ethanol, seawater and mineral oil following simple dilution of the samples. Proof-of-concept is demonstrated for the sensing of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,5-thiadiazole (DMCT), an important corrosion inhibitor. Disposable screen-printed graphitic electrodes (SPGEs) associated with a portable batch-injection cell are proposed for the amperometric determination of DMCT following sample dilution with electrolyte (95% v/v ethanol + 5% v/v 0.