How we approach conservative treatment of retinoblastoma in South America in the era of local ocular treatments: A consensus of the Grupo America Latina de Oncologia Pediatrica (GALOP).

Local therapies are increasingly used for ocular preservation in retinoblastoma. In middle-income countries, these techniques pose specific challenges mostly related to more advanced disease at diagnosis. The Grupo de America Latina de Oncología Pediátrica (GALOP) developed a consensus document for the management of conservative therapy for retinoblastoma.

Genetic testing for inherited ocular conditions in a developing country.

: Inherited ocular conditions are a frequent cause of blindness. Gene therapy has encouraged the development of genetic testing, currently able to detect up to 80% of mutations in contrast to the 5% sensitivity achieved a few decades ago.: One hundred sixty-three patients with suspected genetic ocular disorders who were referred to a single clinician between August 2014 and August 2019 underwent a thorough ophthalmologic examination.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Treatment of Nonmetastatic Unilateral Retinoblastoma in Children.

Importance: Multi-institutional collaborative studies that include large patient populations for the management of retinoblastoma with histopathological risk factors could provide important information for patient management.

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a strategy for the management of nonmetastatic unilateral retinoblastoma in children based on standardized diagnostic and treatment criteria.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-arm prospective study applied a strategy based on a single-center experience.

A national telemedicine network for retinopathy of prematurity screening.

Purpose: To report the results of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening by a telemedicine system in Chile and evaluate its usefulness for referring patients who require treatment.

Methods: Premature infants at risk of developing ROP from 11 neonatal intensive care units were included. Screening was performed on all infants born at a gestational age of <32 weeks and/or birth weight of <1500 g.

Bilateral retinoblastoma with one eye manifesting only posterior chamber infiltration and no retinal involvement.

We report the case of a 23-month-old girl with bilateral retinoblastoma that demonstrated absence of retinal lesions in one eye but had an isolated white tumor in the posterior chamber. Genetic testing confirmed a novel and de novo RB1 germline mutation in the proband that was not carried by her parents. After intravenous chemotherapy and brachytherapy to the eye with apparently disease-free retina, anatomic and functional preservation of the eye was achieved.

Using cost-effective intra-arterial chemotherapy to treat retinoblastoma in Chile.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has proved to be an effective treatment for retinoblastoma, but can be very expensive in developing countries. We report 2 patients from Chile in whom IAC resulted in globe salvation. Both patients had their medical care provided by the public health system and had failed standard therapy.

Unilateral eyelid angiofibroma with complete blepharoptosis as the presenting sign of tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis is a multisystem autosomal-dominant disease characterized by hamartomatous growths in the brain, skin, kidneys, eyes, and heart, but it may affect almost any organ. Retinal hamartomas are 1 of the major diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis and occur in approximately 50% of patients. Nonretinal findings include angiofibromas of the eyelid, strabismus, and pseudo-colobomas of the lens and iris.