[Primary umbilical endometriosis (Villar’s nodule): Case report].

Background: Umbilical endometriosis or Villar’s nodule is uncommon. Incidence goes up to 0.5-1.

[Use of chemotherapy during pregnancy].

The presence of malignant tumors during pregnancy complicates the management of both tumor and pregnancy, since any diagnostic or therapeutic intervention could imply risks that may bring on detrimental effects to fetus or mother. The risks involved in exposing a fetus to cytotoxic therapy are associated to gestational age and the time of in utero exposure to that therapy. Cancer treatment has two different objectives: local control by surgery and radiotherapy, and one that seeks to eradicate systemic disease through chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapies.

[Latzko surgery in recidivant vesicovaginal fistulae. Two case reports and literature review].

Recurrent vesicovaginal fistulae represent a clinical problem of the utmost importance due to the impact on the patients' quality of life. The current standard of treatment for this problem is surgical, with an abdominal approach, notwithstanding, may authors state that this repair should be done with the technique and approach that the surgeon feels most comfortable. We have successfully treated two patients with recurrent vesicovaginal fistulae using a vaginal approach, therefore we suggest it as a viable alternative in the treatment of this condition.

[Fusion of the labia minora as a cause of urinary incontinence in a postmenopausal woman. A case report and literature review].

Labial fusion is rarely presented in the postmenopausal age group, its predisposing factors are hipoestrogenism and a inflamation/repair process in the vaginal epithelium. Our case report involves a 73 years old woman that presents with urinary incontinence. On physical exploration, complete labial fusion was noted, a surgical approach was undertaken with liberation of the labia and fixation, postoperatory local estrogen ointment was indicated with complete recovery.

[Ureteral injury at the National Institute of Perinatology].

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of ureteral injury at Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia and to know the variables associated to ureteral injury as a ginecoobstetric surgery complication, and to do a theme review.

Material And Methods: We conducted a study including patients with ureteral injury from January 1st 1992 to July 1st 2005. Files were registered for age, parity, surgery associated to the injury, injury type, diagnostic time and methods, management type and evolution.