Predicting bipolar disorder I/II in individuals at clinical high-risk: Results from a systematic review.

Introduction: No systematic review has estimated the consistency and the magnitude of the risk of developing bipolar disorder I-II (BD-I/II) in individuals at clinical high risk for bipolar disorder (CHR-BD).

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched until April 2022 in this pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42022346515) PRISMA-compliant systematic review to identify longitudinal studies in individuals meeting pre-defined CHR-BD criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and results were systematically synthesized around CHR-BD criteria across follow-up periods and different subgroups.

Prevalence of Individuals at Clinical High-Risk of Psychosis in the General Population and Clinical Samples: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) The consistency and magnitude of the prevalence of Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) individuals are undetermined, limiting efficient detection of cases. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CHR-P individuals systematically assessed in the general population or clinical samples. (2) PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant (PROSPERO: CRD42020168672) meta-analysis of multiple databases until 21/01/21: a random-effects model meta-analysis, heterogeneity analysis, publication bias and quality assessment, sensitivity analysis-according to the gold-standard CHR-P and pre-screening instruments-leave-one-study-out analyses, and meta-regressions were conducted.

Transition to psychosis in randomized clinical trials of individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis compared to observational cohorts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P) recruited in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational cohorts may display a different enrichment and hence risk of transition to psychosis. No meta-analysis has ever addressed this issue.

Methods: "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) and "Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology" (MOOSE)-compliant meta-analysis.

Ecological setup, ploidy diversity, and reproductive biology of Paspalum modestum, a promising wetland forage grass from South America.

With ever-rising demand for food, forage breeding for intensification of cattle production is also taking a leap. In South America, cattle production systems are displaced to marginal areas poorly exploited with cultivated pastures yet with high potential for growing stocking rates. This places the need for using native genetic resources to breed locally adapted plant genotypes that benefits from better forage quality, yield, and lesser threat to the local biodiversity.

Use of pharmaceutical salts and cocrystals to address the issue of poor solubility.

Salt and cocrystal formation are the most commonly used method of increasing solubility and dissolution rate of pharmaceutical compounds, and are of particular interest for compounds with an intermediate to low aqueous solubility. However, selection of the most appropriate form does not necessarily equate to selection of the salt/cocrystal with the optimal aqueous solubility, but rather a balance between the best solubility and the best physicochemical properties. This review provides a presentation of salt and cocrystal selection, from a high throughput screening perspective and then an assessment of counter ion properties, common ion effects and the potential impact on the biopharmaceutical performance of the compound.

Formation of solid solutions between racemic and enantiomeric citalopram oxalate.

The X-ray powder diffractograms of racemic citalopram oxalate and (S)-citalopram oxalate are very similar, but the melting point of the racemate is higher than that of the pure enantiomer. The higher melting point indicates that the racemate is a racemic compound, rather than a conglomerate. The crystal structure of the enantiomer contains two molecules of (S)-citalopram in the asymmetric unit.

Phase transformations of amlodipine besylate solid forms.

Hydrate formation and dehydration phenomena are frequently encountered phase transformations during manufacturing and storage of the drug products. It is essential to understand, monitor, and control these transformations to ensure that the quality attributes of the drug product are not affected. In this work, phase transformations of the solid forms of amlodipine besylate (AMB) were studied using Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.

Integrated approach to study the dehydration kinetics of nitrofurantoin monohydrate.

There is a need for thorough knowledge of solid-state transformations in order to implement quality by design (QbD) methodology in drug development. The present study was aimed at gaining a mechanistic understanding of the dehydration of nitrofurantoin monohydrate II (NF-MH). The dehydration was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), and variable temperature X-ray powder diffraction (VT-XRPD).

Structural characterisation and dehydration behaviour of siramesine hydrochloride.

In this study the crystal structures of siramesine hydrochloride anhydrate alpha-form and siramesine hydrochloride monohydrate were determined, and this structural information was used to explain the physicochemical properties of the two solid forms. In the crystal structure of the monohydrate, each water molecule is hydrogen bonded to two chloride ions, and thus the water is relatively strongly bound in the crystal. No apparent channels for dehydration were observed in the monohydrate structure, which could allow transmission of structural information during dehydration.

Near-infrared spectroscopy for cocrystal screening. A comparative study with Raman spectroscopy.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a well-established technique for solid-state analysis, providing fast, noninvasive measurements. The use of NIR spectroscopy for polymorph screening and the associated advantages have recently been demonstrated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the analytical potential of NIR spectroscopy for cocrystal screening using Raman spectroscopy as a comparative method.

Implementation of a process analytical technology system in a freeze-drying process using Raman spectroscopy for in-line process monitoring.

The aim of the present study was to propose a strategy for the implementation of a Process Analytical Technology system in freeze-drying processes. Mannitol solutions, some of them supplied with NaCl, were used as models to freeze-dry. Noninvasive and in-line Raman measurements were continuously performed during lyophilization of the solutions to monitor real time the mannitol solid state, the end points of the different process steps (freezing, primary drying, secondary drying), and physical phenomena occurring during the process.

Solvent diversity in polymorph screening.

Selecting a diverse set of solvents to be included in polymorph screening assignments can be a challenging task. As an aid to decision making, a database of 218 organic solvents with 24 property descriptors was explored and visualized using multivariate tools. The descriptors included, among others, log P, vapor pressure, hydrogen bond formation capabilities, polarity, number of pi-bonds and descriptors derived from molecular interaction field calculations (e.