Mental health disorders and pain modulation in orthopedic shoulder patients.

Background: Various studies have examined the relationship between preoperative mental health diagnoses (MHDs) and postoperative outcomes in orthopedic shoulder patients. However, few investigations delve into the relationship between a preoperative MHD and postoperative opioid pain control regimens in patients who have undergone rotator cuff repair (RCR), total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), and reverse TSA (rTSA). We hypothesize that orthopedic shoulder patients with a preoperative MHD will be prescribed more opioids (ie, request more refills) postoperatively than those without a MHD.

Promoting Antenatal Care Attendance Through a Text Messaging Intervention in Samoa: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) has the potential to improve maternal health, but it remains underutilized and unevenly implemented in many low- and middle-income countries. Increasingly, text messaging programs for pregnant women show evidence that they can improve the utilization of ANC during pregnancy; however, gaps remain regarding how implementation affects outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to assess facilitators and barriers to implementation of an SMS text messaging intervention for pregnant women in Samoa and to assess its impact on ANC attendance.

Conducting a fully mobile and randomised clinical trial for depression: access, engagement and expense.

Importance: Advances in mobile technology have resulted in federal and industry-level initiatives to facilitate large-scale clinical research using smart devices. Although the benefits of technology to expand data collection are obvious, assumptions about the reach of mobile research methods (), participant willingness to engage in mobile research protocols (), and the cost of this research () remain untested.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a fully mobile randomised controlled trial using assessments and treatments delivered entirely through mobile devices to depressed individuals.

Development and Assessment of Traditional and Innovative Media to Reduce Individual HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma Attitudes and Beliefs in India.

Although stigma is considered a major barrier to effective response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there is a lack of evidence on effective interventions. This media intervention took place among key HIV-vulnerable communities in Southern India. Two HIV stigma videos were created using techniques from traditional film production and new media digital storytelling.

Using the associative imagery technique in qualitative health research: the experiences of homecare workers and consumers.

The associative imagery technique is a qualitative tool with which researchers use carefully selected photographs or images to trigger participants' responses to explain difficult behavioral and social concepts. In this article, we describe the development and implementation of the associative imagery method in focus groups to understand the complex relationships between homecare workers and their clients as part of a larger health and safety intervention project conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. A total of 116 homecare workers and clients were recruited for the study.

Brand name logo recognition of fast food and healthy food among children.

The fast food industry has been increasingly criticized for creating brand loyalty in young consumers. Food marketers are well versed in reaching children and youth given the importance of brand loyalty on future food purchasing behavior. In addition, food marketers are increasingly targeting the Hispanic population given their growing spending power.

Plasmid DNA encoding the respiratory syncytial virus G protein protects against RSV-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of childhood respiratory disease as well as exacerbations of asthma. Although previous studies have demonstrated that a DNA vaccine encoding the RSV G protein can inhibit RSV replication in mouse models of RSV infection, studies have not been performed to determine whether a DNA vaccine encoding the RSV G protein can protect against RSV induced mucus expression and airway hyperresponsiveness which was the focus of this study. The DNA-G vaccine we constructed significantly inhibited RSV viral replication, mucus expression, and importantly was associated with inhibition of RSV induced airway responsiveness.

Core 2 oligosaccharides mediate eosinophil and neutrophil peritoneal but not lung recruitment.

We have investigated the importance of cell-surface serine- and/or threonine-linked oligosaccharide adhesion molecules synthesized by the Golgi enzyme core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GlcNAcT) in mediating eosinophil trafficking to the lung in studies utilizing C2GlcNAcT-I-deficient mice. The number of bronchoalveolar eosinophils, the number of lung eosinophils, and airway responsiveness to methacholine were not significantly different in C2GlcNAcT-I-deficient compared with wild-type mice sensitized and challenged by inhalation with ovalbumin. C2GlcNAcT-I-deficient mice do not demonstrate defects in neutrophil trafficking to the lung in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).